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	<title>Campania - Stages of Goethe&#039;s Grand Tour - Unreal Goethe</title>
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	<description>Italienische Reise 4.0</description>
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	<title>Campania - Stages of Goethe&#039;s Grand Tour - Unreal Goethe</title>
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		<title>The barrier, Kniep&#8217;s farewell coffee</title>
		<link>https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=napoli-barriera-addio-kniep</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[spun]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2026 10:41:28 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Goethe drives for the last time through the endless life of the city.</p>
<p>L'articolo <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep/">The barrier, Kniep&#8217;s farewell coffee</a> proviene da <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/home">Unreal Goethe</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Goethe drives for the last time through the endless life of the city. At the last police barrier, while the customs men deal with the coachman, Kniep steps out of a coffee house with the largest Chinese cup, full of black coffee, on a tray. They part as seldom people part who were brought together by chance for a short time.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Naples, 3 June 1787</h2>



<div class="ug-audio" data-lang="en" data-voce="de-1787-06-03-neapel-0219" data-src=""><button type="button" class="ug-audio__play" aria-label="Listen to the diary page"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25b6.png" alt="▶" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> Listen</button><audio class="ug-audio__player" preload="none"></audio></div>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">And so then, half-stunned, I drove through the endless life of this incomparable town, probably never to see it again; yet with a feeling of satisfaction that I had left behind nothing to repent or grieve over. I thought of the good Kniep, and vowed even in the distance to do my best for him.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">At the outermost police-barriers of the suburb I was disturbed for a moment by a check-keeper, who, looking with frendliness into my face at once sprang off again. The Custom-house officers had not yet finished business with my vetturino when, from the door of the coffee-house, with the biggest chinese cup of black coffee on a waiter, out stepped Kniep. He came slowly up to the carriage door with a hearty earnestness which well became him. I was astonished and touched; such a mark of acknowledgment had not its match. &#8220;You have,&#8221; he said, &#8220;shown me so much goodness and kindness to bless me all the days of my life that I wanted to give you some token of the thanks I owe you.&#8221;</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Words always failing me in such emergencies, I could only answer laconically that by his labours he had made me his debtor, and that by turning to good account our common treasures he would only bind me ever the closer to him.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">We parted in a way persons seldom part whom accident has drawn together for a short time. It would, perhaps, be much the best rule in life for people when they meet to say out bluntly what they want of each other. That done, both sides are satisfied, and anything over and above then looks like the pure spontaneous gift of the heart.</p>



<details class="wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow"><summary>Original German text · Neapel, Sonntag, den 3. Juni 1787. Dreieinigkeitsfest.</summary><p>Und so fuhr ich denn durch das unendliche Leben dieser unvergleichlichen Stadt, die ich wahrscheinlich nicht wiedersehen sollte, halb betäubt hinaus; vergnügt jedoch, daß weder Reue noch Schmerz hinter mir blieb. Ich dachte an den guten Kniep und gelobte ihm auch in der Ferne meine beste Vorsorge.</p><p>An den äußersten Polizeischranken der Vorstadt störte mich einen Augenblick ein Marqueur, der mir freundlich ins Gesicht sah, aber schnell wieder hinwegsprang. Die Zollmänner waren noch nicht mit dem Vetturin fertig geworden, als aus der Kaffeebudentüre, die größte chinesische Tasse voll schwarzen Kaffee auf einem Präsentierteller tragend, Kniep heraustrat. Er nahte sich dem Wagenschlag langsam mit einem Ernst, der, von Herzen gehend, ihn sehr gut kleidete. Ich war erstaunt und gerührt, eine solche erkenntliche Aufmerksamkeit hat nicht ihresgleichen. &#8220;Sie haben&#8221;, sagte er, &#8220;mir so viel Liebes und Gutes, auf mein ganzes Leben Wirksames erzeigt, daß ich Ihnen hier ein Gleichnis anbieten möchte, was ich Ihnen verdanke.&#8221;</p><p>Da ich in solchen Gelegenheiten ohnehin keine Sprache habe, so brachte ich nur sehr lakonisch vor, daß er durch seine Tätigkeit mich schon zum Schuldner gemacht und durch Benutzung und Bearbeitung unserer gemeinsamen Schätze mich noch immer mehr verbinden werde.</p><p>Wir schieden, wie Personen selten voneinander scheiden, die sich zufällig auf kurze Zeit verbunden. Vielleicht hätte man viel mehr Dank und Vorteil vom Leben, wenn man sich wechselsweise gerade heraus spräche, was man voneinander erwartet. Ist das geleistet, so sind beide Teile zufrieden, und das Gemütliche, was das Erste und Letzte von allem ist, erscheint als reine Zugabe.</p></details>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Today</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="2400" height="1600" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-wm2.jpg" alt="The Porta Capuana today, from the outside. Photo Diego Delso, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0." class="wp-image-9105" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-wm2.jpg 2400w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-wm2-300x200.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-wm2-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-wm2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-wm2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-wm2-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-wm2-415x277.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-wm2-650x433.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-wm2-250x167.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The Porta Capuana today, from the outside. Photo Diego Delso, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.</figcaption></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The last barrier on the road to Capua and Rome has not been identified (hypothesis: the customs post towards Capodichino).</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Where: Napoli</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Works and documents</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1421" height="1030" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-wm1.jpg" alt="Rudolf von Alt, the Porta Capuana in Naples, 1867 (Munich, Bavarian State Painting Collections): the city gate towards Capua, eighty years after Goethe. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons." class="wp-image-9104" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-wm1.jpg 1421w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-wm1-300x217.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-wm1-1024x742.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-wm1-768x557.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-wm1-415x301.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-wm1-650x471.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-wm1-250x181.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 1421px) 100vw, 1421px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Rudolf von Alt, the Porta Capuana in Naples, 1867 (Munich, Bavarian State Painting Collections): the city gate towards Capua, eighty years after Goethe. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">AI reconstruction</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1344" height="752" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-1787-ricostruzione-ai.jpg" alt="The last barrier, 3 June 1787: while the customs men deal with the coachman, Kniep comes out of a café with the largest Chinese cup full of black coffee. AI reconstruction (SPUN, 2026)." class="wp-image-9094" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-1787-ricostruzione-ai.jpg 1344w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-1787-ricostruzione-ai-300x168.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-1787-ricostruzione-ai-1024x573.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-1787-ricostruzione-ai-768x430.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-1787-ricostruzione-ai-415x232.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-1787-ricostruzione-ai-650x364.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep-1787-ricostruzione-ai-250x140.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 1344px) 100vw, 1344px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The last barrier, 3 June 1787: while the customs men deal with the coachman, Kniep comes out of a café with the largest Chinese cup full of black coffee. AI reconstruction (SPUN, 2026).</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Further reading</h2>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><a href="https://goethe.reise/?p=8543">Gesture and Time: Goethe, Kniep and the Memory of Landscape</a></li>
</ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Sources</h2>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">J.W. Goethe, Italienische Reise, original German text (public domain).</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Translated by A.J.W. Morrison and Charles Nisbet (Goethe&#8217;s Travels in Italy, London, George Bell and Sons, 1885; public domain).</p>


<p>L'articolo <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/napoli-barriera-addio-kniep/">The barrier, Kniep&#8217;s farewell coffee</a> proviene da <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/home">Unreal Goethe</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Royal Palace, the window on Vesuvius</title>
		<link>https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[spun]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2026 10:41:26 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://goethe.reise/?post_type=museum&#038;p=8631</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>On the evening of 2 June, with the Duchess of Giovane, a cultivated young German lady.</p>
<p>L'articolo <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane/">The Royal Palace, the window on Vesuvius</a> proviene da <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/home">Unreal Goethe</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">On the evening of 2 June, with the Duchess of Giovane, a cultivated young German lady. In the half-light she opens a shutter: Vesuvius opposite, the glowing lava, the cloud torn by lightning, the full moon rising behind the mountain and the woman against the light. Such a farewell to Naples could not have been otherwise.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Naples, 2 June 1787</h2>



<div class="ug-audio" data-lang="en" data-voce="de-1787-06-02-neapel-0218" data-src=""><button type="button" class="ug-audio__play" aria-label="Listen to the diary page"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25b6.png" alt="▶" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> Listen</button><audio class="ug-audio__player" preload="none"></audio></div>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This bright day, too, then, I have spent—with excellent people no doubt, and with pleasure and profit to myself—but yet wholly against my intentions, and with a heavy heart. Full of longing, I looked towards the smoke pursuing its slow way downwards to the sea, indicating the hourly course of the lava. Nor was the evening to be my own. I had promised a visit to the Duchess of Giovane who lived in the castle, where I had to wander up many steps, and along many passages, the topmost of which was encumbered by chests, presses and other lumber belonging to a court wardrobe. In a large and lofty room without any particular prospect, I found a young lady of good figure, whose conversation was of a very tender and moral tone. As a native German, it was not unknown to her how our literature was moulding itself into a freer humanity of comprehensive view. The endeavours of Herder, and those who aspired after him, were especially prized by her, while Garven&#8217;s pure understanding found the most inward response in her. She sought also to keep pace with the German authoresses, and it was easy to perceive, that she was ambitious to acquire fame as an accomplished writer. Her conversation turned in this direction, and betrayed her intention to exercise her influence on the daughters of the upper classes. A conversation of this kind knows no limits. Twilight overtook us, without any candles being brought. We were walking up and down the room, when, stepping aside, she opened the shutters of a window, and displayed to view a sight such as one sees but once in his life. Were it done intentionally to surprise me, she completely attained her purpose. We stood at a window of the upper story right in front of Vesuvius; the lava streaming downwards, and, now that the sun was long set, seen distinctly glowing and beginning to gild the enveloping smoke; the mountain in a furious rage capped by an immense steady cloud of vapour, whose different masses were at each explosion sundered as if by lightning, and illumined into various shapes; thence down towards the sea, a stripe of blazing fire and glowing vapour; the rest, all sea and earth, rock and vegetation, reposing witchingly, clearly and peacefully, in the evening twilight. To see all this with one glance, and, to complete the wonderful picture, to behold the full moon rising up from behind the ridges of the mountain—all this could not but affect one with grateful astonishment.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">From our standpoint the whole spectacle was to be embraced in one view, and if you were unable to mark distinctly each particular object you never yet lost the impression of a great whole. If our conversation was interrupted by this spectacle it became all the more cordial. We had a text before us thousands of years would not suffice to write a commentary on. The more the night deepened, the clearer the land and sea-scapes rose into view; the moon shone forth like a second sun; the pillars of smoke with its stripes and masses shaped themselves ever more distinctly; shading your eye with your hand, you fancied you could distinguish the ejected clumps of rock glowing in the darkness of the skittle-shaped mountain. My hostess—so will I name her, for a more tasteful supper could not well be prepared than that to which she entertained me—had the candles placed on the opposite side of the room, and the fair lady, illumined by the moon, standing as the fore-figure to this incredible picture, grew ever fairer in my eyes, and her loveability was enhanced to me by the fact that in this southern paradise the accents of my mother tongue greeted me gratefully from her lips. The flight of time was for me arrested in her presence till she had to make me understand how she must, though reluctantly, let me go, as it was near the hour when her galleries, according to cloister arrangement, were closed. And so I took my departure from things far and near, blessing my lucky star, which, in return for my reluctant complaisance during the day, had given me so beautiful a reward in the evening. Arrived in the open air, I said to myself that, in the vicinity of this greater lava, I should only have seen the repetition of that lesser one, and that such a farewell view, such a departure from Naples could not have happened better than it had done.</p>



<details class="wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow"><summary>Original German text · Neapel, Sonnabend, den 2. Juni 1787.</summary><p>Und so hätte ich auch diesen schönen Tag zwar mit vorzüglichen Personen vergnüglich und nützlich, aber doch ganz gegen meine Absichten und mit schwerem Herzen zugebracht. Sehnsuchtsvoll blickte ich nach dem Dampfe, der, den Berg herab langsam nach dem Meer ziehend, den Weg bezeichnete, welchen die Lava stündlich nahm. Auch der Abend sollte nicht frei sein. Ich hatte versprochen, die Herzogin von Giovane zu besuchen, die auf dem Schlosse wohnte, wo man mich denn viele Stufen hinauf durch manche Gänge wandern ließ, deren oberste verengt waren durch Kisten, Schränke und alles Mißfällige eines Hofgarderobewesens. Ich fand in einem großen und hohen Zimmer, das keine sonderliche Aussicht hatte, eine wohlgestaltete junge Dame von sehr zarter und sittlicher Unterhaltung. Als einer gebornen Deutschen war ihr nicht unbekannt, wie sich unsere Literatur zu einer freieren, weit umherblickenden Humanität gebildet; Herders Bemühungen und was ihnen ähnelte, schätzte sie vorzüglich, auch Garvens reiner Verstand hatte ihr aufs innigste zugesagt. Mit den deutschen Schriftstellerinnen suchte sie gleichen Schritt zu halten, und es ließ sich wohl bemerken, daß es ihr Wunsch sei, eine geübte und belobte Feder zu führen. Dahin bezogen sich ihre Gespräche und verrieten zugleich die Absicht, auf die Töchter des höchsten Standes zu wirken; ein solches Gespräch kennt keine Grenzen. Die Dämmerung war schon eingebrochen, und man hatte noch keine Kerzen gebracht. Wir gingen im Zimmer auf und ab, und sie, einer durch Läden verschlossenen Fensterseite sich nähernd, stieß einen Laden auf, und ich erblickte, was man in seinem Leben nur einmal sieht. Tat sie es absichtlich, mich zu überraschen, so erreichte sie ihren Zweck vollkommen. Wir standen an einem Fenster des oberen Geschosses, der Vesuv gerade vor uns; die herabfließende Lava, deren Flamme bei längst niedergegangener Sonne schon deutlich glühte und ihren begleitenden Rauch schon zu vergolden anfing; der Berg gewaltsam tobend, über ihm eine ungeheure feststehende Dampfwolke, ihre verschiedenen Massen bei jedem Auswurf blitzartig gesondert und körperhaft erleuchtet. Von da herab bis gegen das Meer ein Streif von Gluten und glühenden Dünsten; übrigens Meer und Erde, Fels und Wachstum deutlich in der Abenddämmerung, klar, friedlich, in einer zauberhaften Ruhe. Dies alles mit einem Blick zu übersehen und den hinter dem Bergrücken hervortretenden Vollmond als die Erfüllung des wunderbarsten Bildes zu schauen, mußte wohl Erstaunen erregen.</p><p>Dies alles konnte von diesem Standpunkt das Auge mit einmal fassen, und wenn es auch die einzelnen Gegenstände zu mustern nicht imstande war, so verlor es doch niemals den Eindruck des großen Ganzen. War unser Gespräch durch dieses Schauspiel unterbrochen, so nahm es eine desto gemütlichere Wendung. Wir hatten nun einen Text vor uns, welchen Jahrtausende zu kommentieren nicht hinreichen. Je mehr die Nacht wuchs, desto mehr schien die Gegend an Klarheit zu gewinnen; der Mond leuchtete wie eine zweite Sonne; die Säulen des Rauchs, dessen Streifen und Massen durchleuchtet bis ins einzelne deutlich, ja, man glaubte mit halbweg bewaffnetem Auge die glühend ausgeworfenen Felsklumpen auf der Nacht des Kegelberges zu unterscheiden. Meine Wirtin, so will ich sie nennen, weil mir nicht leicht ein köstlichers Abendmahl zubereitet war, ließ die Kerzen an die Gegenseite des Zimmers stellen, und die schöne Frau, vom Monde beleuchtet, als Vordergrund dieses unglaublichen Bildes, schien mir immer schöner zu werden, ja ihre Lieblichkeit vermehrte sich besonders dadurch, daß ich in diesem südlichen Paradiese eine sehr angenehme deutsche Mundart vernahm. Ich vergaß, wie spät es war, so daß sie mich zuletzt aufmerksam machte, sie müsse mich, wiewohl ungerne, entlassen, die Stunde nahe schon, wo ihre Galerien klostermäßig verschlossen würden. Und so schied ich zaudernd von der Ferne und von der Nähe, mein Geschick segnend, das mich für die widerwillige Artigkeit des Tages noch schön am Abend belohnt hatte. Unter den freien Himmel gelangt, sagte ich mir vor, daß ich in der Nähe dieser größern Lava doch nur die Wiederholung jener kleinern würde gesehen haben, und daß mir ein solcher Überblick, ein solcher Abschied aus Neapel nicht anders als auf diese Weise hätte werden können.</p></details>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Today</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2400" height="1556" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-wm2.jpg" alt="The façade of the Royal Palace on Piazza del Plebiscito today. Photo PaestumPaestum, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0." class="wp-image-9126" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-wm2.jpg 2400w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-wm2-300x195.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-wm2-1024x664.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-wm2-768x498.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-wm2-1536x996.jpg 1536w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-wm2-2048x1328.jpg 2048w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-wm2-415x269.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-wm2-650x421.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-wm2-250x162.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The façade of the Royal Palace on Piazza del Plebiscito today. Photo PaestumPaestum, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0.</figcaption></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The Royal Palace of Naples on Piazza del Plebiscito; the room cannot be identified.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Where: Palazzo Reale, Piazza del Plebiscito 1, 80132 Napoli</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Works and documents</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1532" height="1962" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-croce-1903.jpg" alt="The Duchess of Giovane, from a German engraving: the cultivated young German lady who on the evening of 2 June 1787 opened the shutter on Vesuvius. Plate in Benedetto Croce, Volfango Goethe a Napoli, 1903; public domain." class="wp-image-9127" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-croce-1903.jpg 1532w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-croce-1903-234x300.jpg 234w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-croce-1903-800x1024.jpg 800w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-croce-1903-768x984.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-croce-1903-1199x1536.jpg 1199w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-croce-1903-415x531.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-croce-1903-650x832.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-croce-1903-250x320.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 1532px) 100vw, 1532px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The Duchess of Giovane, from a German engraving: the cultivated young German lady who on the evening of 2 June 1787 opened the shutter on Vesuvius. Plate in Benedetto Croce, Volfango Goethe a Napoli, 1903; public domain.</figcaption></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2400" height="1342" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-wm0.jpg" alt="Gaspar van Wittel, the Royal Palace and the Largo di Palazzo, 1706 (Cincinnati Art Museum): the palace before its eighteenth-century alterations. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons." class="wp-image-9125" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-wm0.jpg 2400w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-wm0-300x168.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-wm0-1024x573.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-wm0-768x429.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-wm0-1536x859.jpg 1536w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-wm0-2048x1145.jpg 2048w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-wm0-415x232.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-wm0-650x363.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-wm0-250x140.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Gaspar van Wittel, the Royal Palace and the Largo di Palazzo, 1706 (Cincinnati Art Museum): the palace before its eighteenth-century alterations. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">AI reconstruction</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1344" height="752" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-1787-ricostruzione-ai.jpg" alt="The evening of 2 June 1787 at the Duchess of Giovane's: she opens a shutter and there appear Vesuvius with its lava, the cloud torn by lightning, the full moon. AI reconstruction (SPUN, 2026)." class="wp-image-9092" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-1787-ricostruzione-ai.jpg 1344w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-1787-ricostruzione-ai-300x168.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-1787-ricostruzione-ai-1024x573.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-1787-ricostruzione-ai-768x430.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-1787-ricostruzione-ai-415x232.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-1787-ricostruzione-ai-650x364.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane-1787-ricostruzione-ai-250x140.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 1344px) 100vw, 1344px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The evening of 2 June 1787 at the Duchess of Giovane&#8217;s: she opens a shutter and there appear Vesuvius with its lava, the cloud torn by lightning, the full moon. AI reconstruction (SPUN, 2026).</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Sources</h2>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">J.W. Goethe, Italienische Reise, original German text (public domain).</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Translated by A.J.W. Morrison and Charles Nisbet (Goethe&#8217;s Travels in Italy, London, George Bell and Sons, 1885; public domain).</p>


<p>L'articolo <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/napoli-palazzo-reale-duchessa-giovane/">The Royal Palace, the window on Vesuvius</a> proviene da <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/home">Unreal Goethe</a>.</p>
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Molo, the night of the lava</title>
		<link>https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=napoli-molo-notte-della-lava</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[spun]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2026 10:41:23 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://goethe.reise/?post_type=museum&#038;p=8629</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>At night on the Molo, in a single glance: the moon, the clouds, the reflection on the sea, the lighthouse lamps, the fire of Vesuvius.</p>
<p>L'articolo <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava/">The Molo, the night of the lava</a> proviene da <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/home">Unreal Goethe</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">At night on the Molo, in a single glance: the moon, the clouds, the reflection on the sea, the lighthouse lamps, the fire of Vesuvius. On 1 June news of a strong lava flow towards the sea; after the farewell visits, a dash to the Molo, where he stays until his eyes close.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Naples, 30 May 1787</h2>



<div class="ug-audio" data-lang="en" data-voce="de-1787-05-30-neapel-0215" data-src=""><button type="button" class="ug-audio__play" aria-label="Listen to the diary page"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25b6.png" alt="▶" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> Listen</button><audio class="ug-audio__player" preload="none"></audio></div>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Walking by night through the town, I reached the Molo. There in one view I saw the moon, her radiance on the edges of the clouds, the soft tremulous resplendence on the sea, brighter and livelier on the edge of the succeeding wave. And now appeared the stars of heaven, the lamp of the lighthouse, the fire of Vesuvius, its reflection in the water, and many detached lights disseminated over the ships. Such a manifold problem I should well like to see solved by Van der Neer.</p>



<details class="wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow"><summary>Original German text · Neapel, den 30. Mai 1787.</summary><p>Nachts durch die Stadt spazierend, gelangt&#8217; ich zum Molo. Dort sah ich mit einem Blick den Mond, den Schein desselben auf den Wolkensäumen, den sanft bewegten Abglanz im Meere, heller und lebhafter auf dem Saum der nächsten Welle. Und nun die Sterne des Himmels, die Lampen des Leuchtturms, das Feuer des Vesuvs, den Widerschein davon im Wasser und viele einzelne Lichter ausgesät über die Schiffe. Eine so mannigfaltige Aufgabe hätt&#8217; ich wohl von Van der Neer gelöst sehen mögen.</p></details>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Naples, 1 June 1787</h2>



<div class="ug-audio" data-lang="en" data-voce="de-1787-06-01-neapel-0217" data-src=""><button type="button" class="ug-audio__play" aria-label="Listen to the diary page"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25b6.png" alt="▶" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> Listen</button><audio class="ug-audio__player" preload="none"></audio></div>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The valet de place, in reaching me the pass duly filled up, regretted my departure, telling me of a violent eruption of Vesuvius which had occurred, the current taking the direction of the sea. The lava was already descending the steep declivities of the mountain, and in a few days would reach the shore. I now found myself in the greatest perplexity. To-day, I arranged for the farewell visits I owed to so many kind and obliging persons; how it will be to-morrow I see beforehand. Whatever path you may have marked out for yourself, it is not possible to withdraw entirely from intercourse with your fellow-men; but however serviceable and enjoyable their company may be, it ultimately entices you away from your own serious purposes without your promoting theirs. I feel extremely chagrined.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Evening.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">My visits of thanks, too, were not without pleasure and instructions. A great deal was kindly shown me which had hitherto been postponed or neglected. Cavaliere Venuti let me see treasures even yet unknown. With great reverence I again regarded his Ulysses, mutilated, it is true, yet invaluable. Before parting he conducted me into the porcelain factory where I imprinted the Hercules on my mind as deeply as possible, and once again gave my eyes their fill of the companion vessels.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Really touched and taking a friendly farewell, he then at last confidentially disclosed to me where properly the shoe pinched, and desired nothing more than that I would yet stay some time with him. My banker, whom I met towards dinner time, would not let me go. This was all nice and good, had not the lava taken possession of my imagination. With so many distractions, squaring of accounts and packing, the night at last arrived, but, as for me, I took my speedy flight to the Molo.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Here I now gazed on the myriads of fires and lights, and their tremulous reflections in the agitated sea; I gazed on the full moon in all her splendour, on the spray-fire of the volcano, and then on the lava, which had lately been suspended, but was now glowing along its solemn course. I should have had myself ferried across, but for the great length of the passage, which would have made my arrival impossible before the morrow. I would not, therefore, through impatience spoil for myself the view as I now enjoyed it; I continued sitting on the Molo till, in spite of the streaming of people to and fro, and all their conjecturing, remembering, comparing and disputing in reference to the direction of the lava, and other such tittle-tattle, my eyes insisted on closing.</p>



<details class="wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow"><summary>Original German text · Neapel, den 1. Juni 1787.</summary><p>Zum 1. Juni 1787.</p><p>Der Lohnbediente, welcher mir den ausgefertigten Paß zustellte, erzählte zugleich, meine Abreise bedauernd, daß eine starke Lava, aus dem Vesuv hervorgebrochen, ihren Weg nach dem Meere zu nehme; an steileren Abhängen des Berges sei sie beinahe schon herab und könne wohl in einigen Tagen das Ufer erreichen. Nun befand ich mich in der größten Klemme. Der heutige Tag ging auf Abschiedsbesuche hin, die ich so vielen wohlwollenden und befördernden Personen schuldig war; wie es mir morgen ergehen wird, sehe ich schon. Einmal kann man sich auf seinem Wege den Menschen doch nicht völlig entziehen, was sie uns aber auch nutzen und zu genießen geben, sie reißen uns doch zuletzt von unsern ernstlichen Zwecken zur Seite hin, ohne daß wir die ihrigen fördern. Ich bin äußerst verdrießlich.</p><p>Abends.</p><p>Auch meine Dankbesuche waren nicht ohne Freude und Belehrung, man zeigte mir noch manches freundlich vor, was man bisher verschoben oder versäumt. Cavaliere Venuti ließ mich sogar noch verborgene Schätze sehen. Ich betrachtete abermals mit großer Verehrung seinen, obgleich verstümmelten, doch unschätzbaren Ulysses. Er führte mich zum Abschied in die Porzellanfabrik, wo ich mir den Herkules möglichst einprägte und mir an den kampanischen Gefäßen die Augen noch einmal recht voll sah.</p><p>Wahrhaft gerührt und freundschaftlich Abschied nehmend, vertraute er mir dann noch zuletzt, wo ihn eigentlich der Schuh drücke, und wünschte nichts mehr, als daß ich noch eine Zeitlang mit ihm verweilen könnte. Mein Bankier, bei dem ich gegen Tischzeit eintraf, ließ mich nicht los; das wäre nun alles schön und gut gewesen, hätte nicht die Lava meine Einbildungskraft an sich gezogen. Unter mancherlei Beschäftigungen, Zahlungen und Einpacken kam die Nacht heran, ich aber eilte schnell nach dem Molo.</p><p>Hier sah ich nun alle die Feuer und Lichter und ihre Widerscheine, nur bei bewegtem Meer noch schwankender; den Vollmond in seiner ganzen Herrlichkeit neben dem Sprühfeuer des Vulkans, und nun die Lava, die neulich fehlte, auf ihrem glühenden ernsten Wege. Ich hätte noch hinausfahren sollen, aber die Anstalten waren zu weitschichtig, ich wäre erst am Morgen dort angekommen. Den Anblick, wie ich ihn genoß, wollte ich mir durch Ungeduld nicht verderben, ich blieb auf dem Molo sitzen, bis mir ungeachtet des Zu- und Abströmens der Menge, ihres Deutens, Erzählens, Vergleichens, Streitens, wohin die Lava strömen werde, und was dergleichen Unfug noch mehr sein mochte, die Augen zufallen wollten.</p></details>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Today</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2400" height="1105" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-wm2.jpg" alt="The harbour of Naples at night from the Molo Beverello. Photo Ra Boe, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0 DE." class="wp-image-9119" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-wm2.jpg 2400w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-wm2-300x138.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-wm2-1024x471.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-wm2-768x354.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-wm2-1536x707.jpg 1536w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-wm2-2048x943.jpg 2048w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-wm2-415x191.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-wm2-650x299.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-wm2-250x115.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The harbour of Naples at night from the Molo Beverello. Photo Ra Boe, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0 DE.</figcaption></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The Molo Grande, today the Molo Beverello and Stazione Marittima.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Where: Molo Beverello, Via Acton, 80133 Napoli</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Works and documents</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1133" height="839" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/goethevesuvio.jpg" alt="Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Vesuvius in eruption, watercolour, 1787: the fire of the mountain Goethe watched from the Molo. Public domain." class="wp-image-8454" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/goethevesuvio.jpg 1133w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/goethevesuvio-300x222.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/goethevesuvio-1024x758.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/goethevesuvio-768x569.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/goethevesuvio-415x307.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/goethevesuvio-650x481.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/goethevesuvio-250x185.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 1133px) 100vw, 1133px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Vesuvius in eruption, watercolour, 1787: the fire of the mountain Goethe watched from the Molo. Public domain.</figcaption></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2277" height="1485" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-wm0.jpg" alt="Pietro Fabris, the night eruption of 1767 seen from the Molo of Naples, with the lighthouse, plate VI of William Hamilton's Campi Phlegraei, 1776. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons." class="wp-image-9118" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-wm0.jpg 2277w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-wm0-300x196.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-wm0-1024x668.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-wm0-768x501.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-wm0-1536x1002.jpg 1536w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-wm0-2048x1336.jpg 2048w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-wm0-415x271.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-wm0-650x424.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-wm0-250x163.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 2277px) 100vw, 2277px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Pietro Fabris, the night eruption of 1767 seen from the Molo of Naples, with the lighthouse, plate VI of William Hamilton&#8217;s Campi Phlegraei, 1776. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">AI reconstruction</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1344" height="752" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-1787-ricostruzione-ai.jpg" alt="At night on the Molo, late May 1787: in a single glance the moon, the clouds, the reflection on the sea, the lighthouse and the fire of Vesuvius. AI reconstruction (SPUN, 2026)." class="wp-image-9090" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-1787-ricostruzione-ai.jpg 1344w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-1787-ricostruzione-ai-300x168.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-1787-ricostruzione-ai-1024x573.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-1787-ricostruzione-ai-768x430.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-1787-ricostruzione-ai-415x232.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-1787-ricostruzione-ai-650x364.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava-1787-ricostruzione-ai-250x140.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 1344px) 100vw, 1344px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">At night on the Molo, late May 1787: in a single glance the moon, the clouds, the reflection on the sea, the lighthouse and the fire of Vesuvius. AI reconstruction (SPUN, 2026).</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Videos</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
<iframe title="Goethe @ Vesuvio" width="422" height="750" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ooibj7N0sZ8?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
</div></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Sources</h2>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">J.W. Goethe, Italienische Reise, original German text (public domain).</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Translated by A.J.W. Morrison and Charles Nisbet (Goethe&#8217;s Travels in Italy, London, George Bell and Sons, 1885; public domain).</p>


<p>L'articolo <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/napoli-molo-notte-della-lava/">The Molo, the night of the lava</a> proviene da <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/home">Unreal Goethe</a>.</p>
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		<title>The Molo, departure and return</title>
		<link>https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[spun]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2026 10:41:21 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://goethe.reise/?post_type=museum&#038;p=8627</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The corvette built in America, the cabin, the bills and farewells; the Marchese Berio eager to meet the author of Werther.</p>
<p>L'articolo <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno/">The Molo, departure and return</a> proviene da <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/home">Unreal Goethe</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The corvette built in America, the cabin, the bills and farewells; the Marchese Berio eager to meet the author of Werther. On 29 March they sail at sunset with a troupe of singers and dancers. In mid-May the return: the gulf in morning light, a Greek priest exclaiming that this too is a city, porters running with the trunks towards Moriconi.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Naples, 26 March 1787</h2>



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<p class="wp-block-paragraph">To-morrow this letter will leave this for you. On Thursday, the 29th, I go to Palermo in the corvette, which formerly, in my ignorance of sea matters, I promoted to the rank of a frigate. The doubt whether I should go or remain made me unsettled even in the use of my stay here; now I have made up my mind, things go on better. For my mental state this journey is salutary&#8211;indeed necessary. I see Sicily pointing to Africa, and to Asia, and to the wonderful, whither so many rays of the world&#8217;s history are directed: even to stand still is no trifle!</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">I have treated Naples quite in its own style. I have been anything but industrious. And yet I have seen a great deal, and formed a pretty general idea of the land, its inhabitants, and condition. On my return there is much that I shall have to go over again; indeed, only &#8220;go over,&#8221; for by the 29th of June I must be in Rome again. As I have missed the Holy Week, I must not fail to be present at the festivities of St. Peter&#8217;s Day. My Sicilian expedition must not altogether draw me off from my original plans.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The day before yesterday we had a violent storm, with thunder, lightning, and rain. Now it is again clear; a glorious Tramontane is blowing; if it lasts, we shall have a rapid passage.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Yesterday I went with my fellow-traveller to see the vessel, and to take our cabin. A sea voyage is utterly out of the pale of my ideas; this short trip, which will probably be a mere coasting one, will help my imagination, and enlarge my world. The captain is a young lively fellow; the ship trim and clean, built in America, and a good sailer.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Here every spot begins to look green; Sicily, they tell me, I shall find still more so. By the time you get this letter I shall be on my return, leaving Trinacria behind me. Such is man; he is always either anticipating or recalling; I have not yet been there; and yet I now am, in thought, back again with you! However, for the confusion of this letter I am not to blame. Every moment I am interrupted, and yet I would, if possible, fill this sheet to the very corner.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Just now I have had a visit from a Marchese Berio, a young man who appears to be well informed. He was anxious to make the acquaintance of the author of &#8220;Werther.&#8221; Generally, indeed, the people here evince a great desire for, and delight in, learning and accomplishments. Only they are too happy to go the right way to acquire them. Had I more time, I would willingly devote it to observing the Neapolitans. These four weeks&#8211;what are they, compared with the endless variety of life?</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Now, fare you well. On these travels I have learnt one thing at least&#8211;how to travel well; whether I am learning to live, I know not. The men who pretend to understand that art, are, in nature and manner, too widely different from me, for setting up any claim to such a talent.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Farewell, and love me as sincerely as I from my heart remember you.</p>



<details class="wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow"><summary>Original German text · Neapel, den 26. März 1787.</summary><p>Morgen geht dieser Brief von hier zu euch. Donnerstag den 29. geh&#8217; ich mit der Korvette, die ich, des Seewesens unkundig, in meinem vorigen Briefe zum Rang einer Fregatte erhob, endlich nach Palermo. Der Zweifel, ob ich reisen oder bleiben sollte, machte einen Teil meines hiesigen Aufenthaltes unruhig; nun, da ich entschlossen bin, geht es besser. Für meine Sinnesart ist diese Reise heilsam, ja notwendig. Sizilien deutet mir nach Asien und Afrika, und auf dem wundersamen Punkte, wohin so viele Radien der Weltgeschichte gerichtet sind, selbst zu stehen, ist keine Kleinigkeit.</p><p>Neapel habe ich nach seiner eignen Art behandelt; ich war nichts weniger als fleißig, doch hab&#8217; ich viel gesehen und mir einen allgemeinen Begriff von dem Lande, seinen Einwohnern und Zuständen gebildet. Bei der Wiederkehr soll manches nachgeholt werden; freilich nur manches, denn vor dem 29. Juni muß ich wieder in Rom sein. Hab&#8217; ich die heilige Woche versäumt, so will ich dort wenigstens den St. -Peters-Tag feiern. Meine sizilianische Reise darf mich nicht allzuweit von meiner ersten Absicht weglenken.</p><p>Vorgestern hatten wir ein gewaltiges Wetter mit Donner, Blitz und Regengüssen; jetzt hat sich&#8217;s wieder ausgehellt, eine herrliche Tramontane weht herüber; bleibt sie beständig, so haben wir die schnellste Fahrt.</p><p>Gestern war ich mit meinem Gefährten, unser Schiff zu besehen und das Kämmerchen zu besuchen, das uns aufnehmen soll. Eine Seereise fehlte mir ganz in meinen Begriffen; diese kleine Überfahrt, vielleicht eine Küstenumschiffung wird meiner Einbildungskraft nachhelfen und mir die Welt erweitern. Der Kapitän ist ein junger, munterer Mann, das Schiff gar zierlich und nett, in Amerika gebaut, ein guter Segler.</p><p>Hier fängt nun alles an, grün zu werden, in Sizilien find&#8217; ich es noch weiter. Wenn ihr diesen Brief erhaltet, bin ich auf der Rückreise und habe Trinakrien hinter mir. So ist der Mensch: immer springt er in Gedanken vor- und rückwärts; ich war noch nicht dort und bin schon wieder bei euch. Doch an der Verworrenheit dieses Briefes bin ich nicht schuld; jeden Augenblick werd&#8217; ich unterbrochen und möchte doch gern dieses Blatt zu Ende schreiben.</p><p>Soeben besuchte mich ein Marchese Berio, ein junger Mann, der viel zu wissen scheint. Er wollte den Verfasser des &#8220;Werther&#8221; doch auch kennen lernen. Überhaupt ist hier großer Drang und Lust nach Bildung und Wissen. Sie sind nur zu glücklich, um auf den rechten Weg zu kommen. Hätte ich nur mehr Zeit, so wollt&#8217; ich ihnen gern meine Zeit geben. Diese vier Wochen – was waren die gegen das ungeheure Leben! Nun gehabt euch wohl! Reisen lern&#8217; ich wohl auf dieser Reise, ob ich leben lerne, weiß ich nicht. Die Menschen, die es zu verstehen scheinen, sind in Art und Wesen zu sehr von mir verschieden, als daß ich auf dieses Talent sollte Anspruch machen können.</p><p>Lebet wohl und liebt mich, wie ich eurer von Herzen gedenke.</p></details>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Naples, 28 March 1787</h2>



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<p class="wp-block-paragraph">These few days have been entirely passed in packing and leave-taking; with making all necessary arrangements, and paying bills; looking for missing articles, and with preparations of all kinds. I set the time down as lost.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The Prince of Walbeck has, just at my departure, unsettled me again. For he has been talking of nothing less than that I should arrange, on my return, to go with him to Greece and Dalmatia. When one enters once into the world, and gives way to it, it is necessary to be very cautious, lest one should be carried away, not to say driven mad by it. I am utterly incapable of adding another syllable.</p>



<details class="wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow"><summary>Original German text · Neapel, den 28. März 1787.</summary><p>Diese Tage gehen mir nun gänzlich mit Einpacken und Abschiednehmen, mit Besorgen und Bezahlen, Nachholen und Vorbereiten, sie gehen mir völlig verloren.</p><p>Der Fürst von Waldeck beunruhigte mich noch beim Abschied, denn er sprach von nichts weniger, als daß ich bei meiner Rückkehr mich einrichten sollte, mit ihm nach Griechenland und Dalmatien zu gehen. Wenn man sich einmal in die Welt macht und sich mit der Welt einläßt, so mag man sich ja hüten, daß man nicht entrückt oder wohl gar verrückt wird. Zu keiner Silbe weiter bin ich fähig.</p></details>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Naples, 29 March 1787</h2>



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<p class="wp-block-paragraph">For some days the weather has been very unsettled; to-day, (the appointed time for our sailing), it is again as fine as possible. A favourable north wind, a bright sunny sky, beneath which one wishes oneself in the wide world! Now I bid an affectionate farewell to all my friends in Weimar and Gotha. Your love accompanies me; for wherever I am I feel my need of you. Last night I dreamt I was again among old familiar faces. It seems as if I could not unload my boat of pheasants&#8217; feathers any where but among you. May it be well loaded.</p>



<details class="wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow"><summary>Original German text · Neapel, den 29. März 1787.</summary><p>Seit einigen Tagen machte sich das Wetter ungewiß, heute, am bestimmten Tage der Abfahrt, ist es so schön als möglich. Die günstigste Tramontane, ein klarer Sonnenhimmel, unter dem man sich in die weite Welt wünscht. Nun sag&#8217; ich noch allen Freunden in Weimar und Gotha ein treues Lebewohl! Eure Liebe begleite mich, denn ich möchte ihrer wohl immer bedürfen. Heute nacht träumte ich mich wieder in meinen Geschäften. Es ist denn doch, als wenn ich mein Fasanenschiff nirgends als bei euch ausladen könnte. Möge es nur erst recht stattlich geladen sein!</p></details>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">At sea, 29 March 1787</h2>



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<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A fresh and favourable breeze from the north-east is not blowing this time, as it did at the last sailing of the packet. But, unfortunately, a direct head-wind comes from the opposite quarter, the south-west&#8211;and so we are experiencing to our cost how much the traveller by sea depends upon the caprice of the wind and weather. Out of all patience, we whiled away the morning either on the shore or in the coffee-house; at last, at noon we went on board, and the weather being extremely fine, we enjoyed the most glorious of views. The corvette lay at anchor near to the Mole. With an unclouded sun the atmosphere was hazy, giving to the rocky walls of Sorrento, which were in the shade, a tint of most beautiful blue. Naples, with its living multitudes, lay in the full sunshine, and glittered brilliantly with countless tints. It was not until sunset that the vessel began slowly to move from her moorings; then the wind which was contrary drove us over to Posilippo, and its promontory. All night long the ship went quietly on its way. She is a swift sailer, and was built in America, and is well fitted with cabins and berths. The passengers cheerful, but not boisterous. Opera-singers and dancers, consigned to Palermo.</p>



<details class="wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow"><summary>Original German text · Seefahrt, Donnerstag, den 29. März.</summary><p>Nicht wie bei dem letzten Abgange des Paketboots wehte diesmal ein förderlicher frischer Nordost, sondern leider von der Gegenseite ein lauer Südwest, der allerhinderlichste; und so erfuhren wir denn, wie der Seefahrer vom Eigensinne des Wetters und Windes abhängt. Ungeduldig verbrachten wir den Morgen bald am Ufer, bald im Kaffeehaus; endlich bestiegen wir zu Mittag das Schiff und genossen beim schönsten Wetter des herrlichsten Anblicks. Unfern vom Molo lag die Korvette vor Anker. Bei klarer Sonne eine dunstreiche Atmosphäre, daher die beschatteten Felsenwände von Sorrent vom schönsten Blau. Das beleuchtete, lebendige Neapel glänzte von allen Farben. Erst mit Sonnenuntergang bewegte sich das Schiff, jedoch nur langsam, von der Stelle, der Widerwind schob uns nach dem Posilipo und dessen Spitze hinüber. Die ganze Nacht ging das Schiff ruhig fort. Es war in Amerika gebaut, schnellsegelnd, inwendig mit artigen Kämmerchen und einzelnen Lagerstätten eingerichtet. Die Gesellschaft anständig munter: Operisten und Tänzer, nach Palermo verschrieben.</p></details>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Naples, 14 May 1787</h2>



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<p class="wp-block-paragraph">When on the fourth day of our voyage, I awoke early in the morning, I found myself quite fresh and well, just as I had been at the same period of the passage from Naples; so that on a longer voyage I may hope to get off free, after paying to the sea a three days&#8217; tribute of sickness.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">From the deck I saw with no little delight the island of Capri, at a tolerable distance on our lee, and perceived that the vessel was holding such a course as afforded a hope of our being able ere long to enter the gulf, which, indeed, we very soon afterwards accomplished. And now, after passing a hard night, we had the satisfaction of seeing the same objects as had charmed us so greatly the evening before, in a reversed light. We soon left this dangerous insular rock far behind us. While yesterday we had admired the right hand coast from a distance, now we had straight before us the castle and the city, with Posilippo on the left, together with the tongues of land which run out into the sea towards Procida and Ischia. Everyone was on deck; foremost among them was a Greek priest, enthusiastic in the praises of his own dear East; but who, when the Neapolitans on board, who were rapturously greeting their glorious country, asked him what he thought of Naples, as compared with Constantinople? very pathetically replied, &#8220;Anche questa è una città!&#8221; (This, too, is a city.)</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">We reached the harbour just at the right time, when it was thronged with people. Scarcely were our trunks and the rest of our baggage unshipped and put on shore ere they were seized by two lusty porters, who, scarcely giving us time to say that we were going to put up at Moriconi&#8217;s, ran off with the load as if with a prize, so that we had difficulty in keeping them in view as they darted through the crowded streets and bustling piazzas. Kniep kept his portfolio under his arm, and we consoled ourselves with thinking that the drawings at least were safe, should these porters, less honest than the poor Neapolitan devils, strip us of all that even the very breakers had spared.</p>



<details class="wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow"><summary>Original German text · Montag, den 14. Mai 1787.</summary><p>Als ich früh am vierten Tage unserer Fahrt erwachte, befand ich mich frisch und gesund, so wie ich auch bei der Überfahrt zu eben dieser Epoche gewesen war; so daß ich also auf einer längern Seereise wahrscheinlich mit einer dreitägigen Unpäßlichkeit meinen Tribut würde bezahlt haben.</p><p>Vom Verdeck sah ich mit Vergnügen die Insel Capri in ziemlicher Entfernung zur Seite liegen und unser Schiff in solcher Richtung, daß wir hoffen konnten, in den Golf hineinzufahren, welches denn auch bald geschah. Nun hatten wir die Freude, nach einer ausgestandenen harten Nacht dieselben Gegenstände, die uns abends vorher entzückt hatten, in entgegengesetztem Lichte zu bewundern. Bald ließen wir jene gefährliche Felseninsel hinter uns. Hatten wir gestern die rechte Seite des Golfs von weitem bewundert, so erschienen nun auch die Kastelle und die Stadt gerade vor uns, sodann links der Posilipo und die Erdzungen, die sich bis gegen Procida und Ischia erstreckten. Alles war auf dem Verdeck, voran ein für seinen Orient sehr eingenommener griechischer Priester, der den Landesbewohnern, die ihr herrliches Vaterland mit Entzücken begrüßten, auf ihre Frage, wie sich denn Neapel zu Konstantinopel verhalte, sehr pathetisch antwortete: &#8220;Anche questa è una città!&#8221; – &#8220;Auch dieses ist eine Stadt!&#8221; – Wir langten zur rechten Zeit im Hafen an, umsummt von Menschen; es war der lebhafteste Augenblick des Tages. Kaum waren unsere Koffer und sonstigen Gerätschaften ausgeladen und standen am Ufer, als gleich zwei Lastträger sich derselben bemächtigten, und kaum hatten wir ausgesprochen, daß wir bei Moriconi logieren würden, so liefen sie mit dieser Last wie mit einer Beute davon, so daß wir ihnen durch die menschenreichen Straßen und über den bewegten Platz nicht mit den Augen folgen konnten. Kniep hatte das Portefeuille unter dem Arm, und wir hätten wenigstens die Zeichnungen gerettet, wenn jene Träger, weniger ehrlich als die neapolitanischen armen Teufel, uns um dasjenige gebracht hätten, was die Brandung verschont hatte.</p></details>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Today</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2400" height="1800" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm2.jpg" alt="The Stazione Marittima and the harbour towards the Molo Beverello, where the Molo Grande stood, seen from Castel Nuovo. Photo Lalupa, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0." class="wp-image-9117" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm2.jpg 2400w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm2-300x225.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm2-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm2-768x576.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm2-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm2-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm2-640x480.jpg 640w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm2-415x311.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm2-650x488.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm2-250x188.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The Stazione Marittima and the harbour towards the Molo Beverello, where the Molo Grande stood, seen from Castel Nuovo. Photo Lalupa, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.</figcaption></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The Molo Grande with its lighthouse, in front of Castel Nuovo: today the area of the Molo Beverello and the Stazione Marittima.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Where: Molo Beverello, Via Acton, 80133 Napoli</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Works and documents</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2400" height="1484" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm0.jpg" alt="Antonio Joli, Charles of Bourbon leaving the harbour of Naples, 1759 (Prado): the Molo and the lighthouse seen from the sea. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons." class="wp-image-9115" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm0.jpg 2400w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm0-300x186.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm0-1024x633.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm0-768x475.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm0-1536x950.jpg 1536w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm0-2048x1266.jpg 2048w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm0-415x257.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm0-650x402.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm0-250x155.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Antonio Joli, Charles of Bourbon leaving the harbour of Naples, 1759 (Prado): the Molo and the lighthouse seen from the sea. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.</figcaption></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="960" height="683" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm1.jpg" alt="Antonio Joli, Naples seen from the harbour Molo, with the Nautica fountain, 1762-1777. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons." class="wp-image-9116" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm1.jpg 960w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm1-300x213.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm1-768x546.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm1-345x245.jpg 345w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm1-415x295.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm1-650x462.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-wm1-250x178.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Antonio Joli, Naples seen from the harbour Molo, with the Nautica fountain, 1762-1777. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">AI reconstruction</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1344" height="752" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-1787-ricostruzione-ai.jpg" alt="The Molo at sunset on 29 March 1787: the corvette for Palermo sets sail with a company of singers and dancers. AI reconstruction (SPUN, 2026)." class="wp-image-9088" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-1787-ricostruzione-ai.jpg 1344w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-1787-ricostruzione-ai-300x168.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-1787-ricostruzione-ai-1024x573.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-1787-ricostruzione-ai-768x430.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-1787-ricostruzione-ai-415x232.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-1787-ricostruzione-ai-650x364.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno-1787-ricostruzione-ai-250x140.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 1344px) 100vw, 1344px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The Molo at sunset on 29 March 1787: the corvette for Palermo sets sail with a company of singers and dancers. AI reconstruction (SPUN, 2026).</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Sources</h2>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">J.W. Goethe, Italienische Reise, original German text (public domain).</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Translated by A.J.W. Morrison (Goethe&#8217;s Travels in Italy, London, Bell; public domain).</p>


<p>L'articolo <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/napoli-molo-imbarco-e-ritorno/">The Molo, departure and return</a> proviene da <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/home">Unreal Goethe</a>.</p>
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		<title>Kniep&#8217;s rooftop terrace</title>
		<link>https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=napoli-lastrico-di-kniep</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[spun]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2026 10:41:18 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://goethe.reise/?post_type=museum&#038;p=8625</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Tischbein proposes the young landscape painter Kniep as a permanent companion.</p>
<p>L'articolo <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep/">Kniep&#8217;s rooftop terrace</a> proviene da <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/home">Unreal Goethe</a>.</p>
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<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Tischbein proposes the young landscape painter Kniep as a permanent companion. On Lady Day Kniep takes Goethe up to a flat roof with one of the finest views of Naples: through the trapdoor appears the head of his sweetheart, like the angel climbing a ladder in old Annunciations. Then, by the sea, an illumination about the primal plant.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Naples, 19 March 1787</h2>



<div class="ug-audio" data-lang="en" data-voce="de-1787-03-19-neapel-0143" data-src=""><button type="button" class="ug-audio__play" aria-label="Listen to the diary page"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25b6.png" alt="▶" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> Listen</button><audio class="ug-audio__player" preload="none"></audio></div>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Within these last few days I have formed a new connexion. Tischbein for three or four weeks has faithfully lent me all the assistance in his power, and diligently explained to me the works both of nature and art. Yesterday, however, after being at the Museum of Portici, we had some conversation together, and we came to the conclusion that, considering his own artistic objects, he could not perform, with credit to himself, the works which, in the hope of some future appointment in Naples, he has undertaken for the Court and for several persons in the city, nor do justice to my views, wishes, and fancies. With sincere good wishes for my success, he has therefore recommended to me for my constant companion a young man whom, since I arrived here, I have often seen, not without feeling some inclination and liking for him. His name is Kniep, who, after a long stay at Rome, has come to Naples as the true field and element of the landscape-painter. Even in Rome I had heard him highly spoken of as a clever draughtsman&#8211;only his industry was not much commended. I have tolerably studied his character, and think the ground of this censure arises rather from a want of a decision, which certainly may be overcome, if we are long together. A favourable beginning confirms me in this hope; and if he continues to go on thus, we shall continue good companions for some time.</p>



<details class="wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow"><summary>Original German text · Neapel, Montag, den 19. März 1787.</summary><p>In den letzten Tagen hat sich ein neues Verhältnis näher angeknüpft. Nachdem in diesen vier Wochen Tischbein mir sein treues Geleit durch Natur- und Kunstgegenstände förderlich geleistet und wir gestern noch zusammen in Portici gewesen, ergab sich aus wechselseitiger Betrachtung, daß seine Kunstzwecke sowohl als diejenigen Geschäfte, die er, eine künftige Anstellung in Neapel hoffend, in der Stadt und bei Hofe zu betreiben pflichtig ist, mit meinen Absichten, Wünschen und Liebhabereien nicht zu verbinden seien. Er schlug mir daher, immer für mich besorgt, einen jungen Mann vor als beständigen Gesellschafter, den ich seit den ersten Tagen öfter sah, nicht ohne Teilnahme und Neigung. Es ist Kniep, der sich eine Zeitlang in Rom aufgehalten, sodann sich aber nach Neapel, in das eigentlichste Element des Landschafters, begeben hatte. Schon in Rom hörte ich ihn als einen geschickten Zeichner preisen, nur seiner Tätigkeit wollte man nicht gleiches Lob erteilen. Ich habe ihn schon ziemlich kennen gelernt und möchte diesen gerügten Mangel eher Unentschlossenheit nennen, die gewiß zu überwinden ist, wenn wir eine Zeitlang beisammen sind. Ein glücklicher Anfang bestätigt mir diese Hoffnung, und wenn es mir nach geht, sollen wir auf geraume Zeit gute Gesellen bleiben.</p></details>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Naples, 25 March 1787</h2>



<div class="ug-audio" data-lang="en" data-voce="de-1787-03-25-neapel-0147" data-src=""><button type="button" class="ug-audio__play" aria-label="Listen to the diary page"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25b6.png" alt="▶" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> Listen</button><audio class="ug-audio__player" preload="none"></audio></div>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Although I saw that Kniep was delighted to go with me to the festival of the Annunciation, still I could not fail to observe that there was a something he was sorry to part from. His candour could not let him long conceal from me the fact, that he had formed here a close and faithful attachment. It was a pretty tale to listen to, the story of their first meeting, and the description of the fair one&#8217;s behaviour up to this time told in her favour; Kniep, moreover, insisted on my going and seeing for myself how pretty she really was. Accordingly, an opportunity was contrived, and so as to afford me the enjoyment of one of the most agreeable views over Naples. He took me to the flat roof of a house, which commanded a survey of the lower town, near the Mole, the bay, and the shore of Sorrento; all that lay beyond on the left, became fore-shortened in the strangest way possible, and which, except from this particular spot, was never witnessed. Naples is, every where, beautiful and glorious.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">While we were admiring the country around, suddenly, (although expected), a very beautiful face presented itself above the roof&#8211;for the entrance to these flat roofs is generally an oblong opening in the roof, which can be covered, when not used, by a trap-door. While, then, the little angel appeared in full figure above the opening, it occurred to me that ancient painters usually represent the Annunciation by making the angel ascend by a similar trap-door. But the angel on this occasion was really of a very fine form, of a very pretty face, and a good natural carriage. It was a real joy to me, under the free heaven, and in presence of the finest prospect in the world, to see my new friend so happy. After her departure, he confessed to me that he had hitherto voluntarily endured poverty, as by that means he had enjoyed her love; and at the same time, had learned to appreciate her contented disposition: and now his better prospects, and improved condition, were chiefly prized, because they procured him the means of making her days more comfortable.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Naples, March 25, 1787.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">After this pleasant little incident I walked on the shore, calm and happy. There a good insight into botanical matters opened on me. Tell Herder that I am very near finding the primal vegetable type; only I fear that no one will be able to trace in it the rest of the vegetable kingdom. My famous theory of the Cotyledons is so refined, that perhaps it is impossible to go further with it.</p>



<details class="wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow"><summary>Original German text · Neapel, den 25. März 1787. Verkündigung Mariä.</summary><p>Ob ich gleich empfand, daß Kniep sehr gern mit mir nach Sizilien gehe, so konnte ich doch bemerken, daß er ungern etwas zurückließ. Bei seiner Aufrichtigkeit blieb mir nicht lange verborgen, daß ihm ein Liebchen eng und treu verbunden sei. Wie sie zusammen bekannt geworden, war artig genug zu hören; wie sich das Mädchen bisher betragen, konnte für sie einnehmen; nun sollte ich sie aber auch sehen, wie hübsch sie sei. Hiezu war Anstalt getroffen, und zwar so, daß ich zugleich eine der schönsten Aussichten über Neapel genießen könnte. Er führte mich auf das flache Dach eines Hauses, von wo man besonders den untern Teil der Stadt nach dem Molo zu, den Golf, die Küste von Sorrent vollkommen übersehen konnte; alles weiter rechts Liegende verschob sich auf die sonderbarste Weise, wie man es, ohne auf diesem Punkte zu stehen, nicht leicht sehen wird. Neapel ist überall schön und herrlich.</p><p>Als wir nun die Gegend bewunderten, stieg, obgleich erwartet, doch unversehens ein gar artiges Köpfchen aus dem Boden hervor. Denn zu einem solchen Söller macht nur eine länglich viereckige Öffnung im Estrich, welche mit einer Falltüre zugedeckt werden kann, den Eingang.</p><p>Und da nun das Engelchen völlig hervortrat, fiel mir ein, daß ältere Künstler die Verkündigung Mariä also vorstellen, daß der Engel eine Treppe heraufkömmt. Dieser Engel aber war nun wirklich von gar schöner Gestalt, hübschem Gesichtchen und einem guten, natürlichen Betragen. Es freute mich, unter dem herrlichen Himmel und im Angesicht der schönsten Gegend von der Welt meinen neuen Freund so glücklich zu sehen. Er gestand mir, als sie sich wieder entfernt hatte, daß er eben deshalb eine freiwillige Armut bisher getragen, weil er dabei sich zugleich ihrer Liebe erfreut und ihre Genügsamkeit schätzen lernen, nun sollten ihm auch seine bessern Aussichten und ein reichlicher Zustand vorzüglich deshalb wünschenswert sein, damit er auch ihr bessere Tage bereiten könne.</p><p>Neapel, zum 25. März.</p><p>Nach diesem angenehmen Abenteuer spazierte ich am Meere hin und war still und vergnüglich. Da kam mir eine gute Erleuchtung über botanische Gegenstände. Herdern bitte ich zu sagen, daß ich mit der Urpflanze bald zustande bin, nur fürchte ich, daß niemand die übrige Pflanzenwelt darin wird erkennen wollen. Meine famose Lehre von den Kotyledonen ist so sublimiert, daß man schwerlich wird weiter gehen können.</p></details>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Today</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2400" height="1800" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm2.jpg" alt="The harbour of Naples and Vesuvius seen from Castel Nuovo, today. Photo Adam91, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0." class="wp-image-9114" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm2.jpg 2400w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm2-300x225.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm2-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm2-768x576.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm2-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm2-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm2-640x480.jpg 640w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm2-415x311.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm2-650x488.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm2-250x188.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The harbour of Naples and Vesuvius seen from Castel Nuovo, today. Photo Adam91, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0.</figcaption></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The flat roof overlooking the Molo, the gulf and the Sorrento coast cannot be identified (hypothesis: between Pizzofalcone and the harbour).</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Where: Napoli</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Works and documents</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="650" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm0.jpg" alt="Christoph Heinrich Kniep, the Bay of Naples with Vesuvius seen from Posillipo, 1787, watercolour over pen drawing. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons." class="wp-image-9112" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm0.jpg 1000w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm0-300x195.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm0-768x499.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm0-415x270.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm0-650x423.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm0-250x163.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Christoph Heinrich Kniep, the Bay of Naples with Vesuvius seen from Posillipo, 1787, watercolour over pen drawing. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.</figcaption></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2400" height="968" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm1.jpg" alt="Thomas Jones, rooftops and terraces of Naples from his lodging, 1782: the flat roofs to which Kniep took Goethe. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons." class="wp-image-9113" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm1.jpg 2400w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm1-300x121.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm1-1024x413.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm1-768x310.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm1-1536x620.jpg 1536w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm1-2048x826.jpg 2048w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm1-415x167.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm1-650x262.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-wm1-250x101.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Thomas Jones, rooftops and terraces of Naples from his lodging, 1782: the flat roofs to which Kniep took Goethe. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">AI reconstruction</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1344" height="752" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-1787-ricostruzione-ai.jpg" alt="The flat roof on the day of the Annunciation, 1787: Kniep's girl rises through the trapdoor, like the angel climbing a ladder in old Annunciations. AI reconstruction (SPUN, 2026)." class="wp-image-9086" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-1787-ricostruzione-ai.jpg 1344w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-1787-ricostruzione-ai-300x168.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-1787-ricostruzione-ai-1024x573.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-1787-ricostruzione-ai-768x430.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-1787-ricostruzione-ai-415x232.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-1787-ricostruzione-ai-650x364.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep-1787-ricostruzione-ai-250x140.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 1344px) 100vw, 1344px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The flat roof on the day of the Annunciation, 1787: Kniep&#8217;s girl rises through the trapdoor, like the angel climbing a ladder in old Annunciations. AI reconstruction (SPUN, 2026).</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Further reading</h2>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><a href="https://goethe.reise/?p=8543">Gesture and Time: Goethe, Kniep and the Memory of Landscape</a></li>
</ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Sources</h2>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">J.W. Goethe, Italienische Reise, original German text (public domain).</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Translated by A.J.W. Morrison (Goethe&#8217;s Travels in Italy, London, Bell; public domain).</p>


<p>L'articolo <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/napoli-lastrico-di-kniep/">Kniep&#8217;s rooftop terrace</a> proviene da <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/home">Unreal Goethe</a>.</p>
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		<title>The Doric temples of Paestum</title>
		<link>https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/capaccio-paestum-templi/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=capaccio-paestum-templi</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[spun]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2026 10:41:16 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://goethe.reise/?post_type=museum&#038;p=8623</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The pact with Kniep: they will live and travel together, he will only draw, and the outlines will belong to Goethe.</p>
<p>L'articolo <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/capaccio-paestum-templi/">The Doric temples of Paestum</a> proviene da <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/home">Unreal Goethe</a>.</p>
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<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The pact with Kniep: they will live and travel together, he will only draw, and the outlines will belong to Goethe. On the deserted plain great oblong masses turn out to be temples: first dismay at the squat, crowded columns, then, in less than an hour, remembering the history of art, Goethe feels reconciled.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Naples, 23 March 1787</h2>



<div class="ug-audio" data-lang="en" data-voce="de-1787-03-23-neapel-0146" data-src=""><button type="button" class="ug-audio__play" aria-label="Listen to the diary page"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25b6.png" alt="▶" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> Listen</button><audio class="ug-audio__player" preload="none"></audio></div>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The terms of my engagement with Kniep are now settled, and it has commenced in a right practical way. We went together to Pæstum, where, and also on our journey thither and back, he showed the greatest industry with his pencil. He has taken some of the most glorious outlines possible. He seems to relish this moving but busy sort of life, which has called for a talent which he was scarcely conscious of. This comes of being resolute: but it is exactly here that his accurate and nice skill shows itself. He never stops to surround the paper on which he is about to draw with the usual rectangular lines; however, he seems to take as much pleasure in cutting points to his pencil, which is of the best English lead, as in drawing itself. Thus his outlines are just what one would wish them to be.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Now we have come to the following arrangement:&#8211;From this day forward, we are to live and travel together; while he is to have nothing to trouble himself about but drawing, as he has done for the last few days.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">All the sketches are to be mine; but in order to a further profit, after our return, from our connexion, he is to finish for a certain sum a number of them, which I am to select; and then, remuneration for the others is to be settled according to the dexterity he evinces in them, and the importance of the views taken, and other considerations. This arrangement has made me quite happy, and now at last I can give you an account of our journey.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The country grew flatter and more desolate; the scarcity of the buildings bespoke a sparing cultivation. At last, when we were doubting whether we were passing through rocks or ruins, some great oblong masses enabled us to distinguish the remains of temples and other monuments of a once splendid city. Kniep, who had already sketched on the way the two picturesque limestone hills, suddenly stopped to find a spot from which to seize and exhibit the peculiarity of this most unpicturesque region.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A countryman, whom I took for my guide, led me the meanwhile through the buildings. The first sight of them excited nothing but astonishment. I found myself in a perfectly strange world; for, as centuries pass from the severe to the pleasing, they form man&#8217;s taste at the same time&#8211;indeed, create him after the same law. But now our eyes, and through them our whole inner being, has been used to, and decidedly prepossessed in favor of, a lighter style of architecture; so that these crowded masses of stumpy conical pillars appear heavy, not to say frightful. But I soon recollected myself, called to mind the history of art, thought of the times when the spirit of the age was in unison with this style of architecture, and realised the severe style of sculpture; and in less than an hour found myself reconciled to it,&#8211;nay, I went so far as to thank my genius for permitting me to see with my own eyes such well-preserved remains, since drawings give us no true idea of them; for, in architectural sketches, they seem more elegant, and in perspective views even more stumpy than they actually are. It is only by going round them, and passing through them, that you can impart to them their real character; you evoke for them, not to say infuse into them, the very feeling which the architect had in contemplation. And thus I spent the whole day, Kneip the while working away most diligently in taking very accurate sketches. How delighted was I to be exempt from that care, and yet to acquire such unfailing tokens for the aid of memory! Unfortunately, there was no accommodation for spending the night here. We returned to Sorrento, and started early next morning for Naples. Vesuvius, seen from the back, is a rich country; poplars, with their colossal pyramids, on the road-side, in the foreground; these, too, formed an agreeable feature, which we halted a moment to take.</p>



<details class="wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow"><summary>Original German text · Neapel, Freitag, den 23. März 1787.</summary><p>Nun hat sich das Verhältnis zu Kniep auf eine recht praktische Weise ausgebildet und befestigt. Wir waren zusammen in Pästum, woselbst er, so wie auf der Hin- und Herreise, mit Zeichnen sich auf das tätigste erwies. Die herrlichsten Umrisse sind gewonnen, ihn freut nun selbst dieses bewegte, arbeitsame Leben, wodurch ein Talent aufgeregt wird, das er sich selbst kaum zutraute. Hier gilt es resolut sein; aber gerade hier zeigt sich seine genaue und reinliche Fertigkeit. Das Papier, worauf gezeichnet werden soll, mit einem rechtwinkligen Viereck zu umziehen, versäumt er niemals, die besten englischen Bleistifte zu spitzen und immer wieder zu spitzen, ist ihm fast eine ebenso große Lust als zu zeichnen; dafür sind aber auch seine Konture, was man wünschen kann.</p><p>Nun haben wir folgendes verabredet. Von heute an leben und reisen wir zusammen, ohne daß er weiter für etwas sorgt als zu zeichnen, wie diese Tage geschehen. Alle Konture gehören mein, damit aber nach unserer Rückkehr daraus ein ferneres Wirken für ihn entspringe, so führt er eine Anzahl auszuwählender Gegenstände bis auf eine gewisse bestimmte Summe für mich aus; da sich denn indessen bei seiner Geschicklichkeit, bei der Bedeutsamkeit der zu erobernden Aussichten und sonst wohl das Weitere ergeben wird. Diese Einrichtung macht mich ganz glücklich, und jetzt erst kann ich von unserer Fahrt kurze Rechenschaft geben.</p><p>Das Land ward immer flacher und wüster, wenige Gebäude deuteten auf kärgliche Landwirtschaft. Endlich, ungewiß, ob wir durch Felsen oder Trümmer führen, konnten wir einige große länglich-viereckige Massen, die wir in der Ferne schon bemerkt hatten, als überbliebene Tempel und Denkmale einer ehemals so prächtigen Stadt unterscheiden. Kniep, welcher schon unterwegs die zwei malerischen Kalkgebirge umrissen, suchte sich schnell einen Standpunkt, von wo aus das Eigentümliche dieser völlig unmalerischen Gegend aufgefaßt und dargestellt werden könnte.</p><p>Von einem Landmanne ließ ich mich indessen in den Gebäuden herumführen; der erste Eindruck konnte nur Erstaunen erregen. Ich befand mich in einer völlig fremden Welt. Denn wie die Jahrhunderte sich aus dem Ernsten in das Gefällige bilden, so bilden sie den Menschen mit, ja sie erzeugen ihn so. Nun sind unsere Augen und durch sie unser ganzes inneres Wesen an schlankere Baukunst hinangetrieben und entschieden bestimmt, so daß uns diese stumpfen, kegelförmigen, enggedrängten Säulenmassen lästig, ja furchtbar erscheinen. Doch nahm ich mich bald zusammen, erinnerte mich der Kunstgeschichte, gedachte der Zeit, deren Geist solche Bauart gemäß fand, vergegenwärtigte mir den strengen Stil der Plastik, und in weniger als einer Stunde fühlte ich mich befreundet, ja ich pries den Genius, daß er mich diese so wohl erhaltenen Reste mit Augen sehen ließ, da sich von ihnen durch Abbildung kein Begriff geben läßt. Denn im architektonischen Aufriß erscheinen sie eleganter, in perspektivischer Darstellung plumper, als sie sind, nur wenn man sich um sie her, durch sie durch bewegt, teilt man ihnen das eigentliche Leben mit; man fühlt es wieder aus ihnen heraus, welches der Baumeister beabsichtigte, ja hineinschuf. Und so verbrachte ich den ganzen Tag, indessen Kniep nicht säumte, uns die genausten Umrisse zuzueignen. Wie froh war ich, von dieser Seite ganz unbesorgt zu sein und für die Erinnerung so sichere Merkzeichen zu gewinnen. Leider war keine Gelegenheit, hier zu übernachten, wir kehrten nach Salern zurück, und den andern Morgen ging es zeitig nach Neapel. Der Vesuv, von der Rückseite gesehn, in der fruchtbarsten Gegend; Pappeln pyramidalkolossal an der Chaussee im Vordergrunde. Dies war auch ein angenehmes Bild, das wir durch ein kurzes Stillhalten erwarben.</p></details>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Naples, 17 May 1787</h2>



<div class="ug-audio" data-lang="en" data-voce="de-1787-05-17-neapel-0207" data-src=""><button type="button" class="ug-audio__play" aria-label="Listen to the diary page"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25b6.png" alt="▶" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> Listen</button><audio class="ug-audio__player" preload="none"></audio></div>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In a paper herewith inclosed I make some remarks on the way to Salerno and on Pæstum itself; it is the last, and I might almost add, the most splendid idea I bring north with me in a mature state. In my opinion the middle temple is to be preferred to everything still standing in Sicily.</p>



<details class="wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow"><summary>Original German text · Neapel, den 17. Mai 1787.</summary><p>In einem beiliegenden Blatte sag&#8217; ich etwas über den Weg nach Salerno und über Pästum selbst; es ist die letzte und, fast möcht&#8217; ich sagen, herrlichste Idee, die ich nun nordwärts vollständig mitnehme. Auch ist der mittlere Tempel nach meiner Meinung allem vorzuziehen, was man noch in Sizilien sieht.</p></details>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Today</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2400" height="1599" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-templi-oggi.jpg" alt="The Doric temples of Paestum today, in the Archaeological Park of Paestum and Velia. Photo AlessioAg89, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0." class="wp-image-9014" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-templi-oggi.jpg 2400w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-templi-oggi-300x200.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-templi-oggi-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-templi-oggi-768x512.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-templi-oggi-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-templi-oggi-2048x1364.jpg 2048w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-templi-oggi-415x276.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-templi-oggi-650x433.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-templi-oggi-250x167.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The Doric temples of Paestum today, in the Archaeological Park of Paestum and Velia. Photo AlessioAg89, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.</figcaption></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The Archaeological Park of Paestum and Velia; the «middle temple» that Goethe prefers to everything he will see in Sicily is the Temple of Neptune.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Where: Parco Archeologico di Paestum e Velia, Via Magna Grecia 919, 84047 Capaccio Paestum (SA)</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Works and documents</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2400" height="1637" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-1787-kniep-tempio-di-nettuno.jpg" alt="Christoph Heinrich Kniep, the Temple of Neptune at Paestum, 1787: the drawing born of the pact with Goethe, that Kniep would only draw. Goethe-Nationalmuseum, Weimar; photo Yair-haklai, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0." class="wp-image-9013" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-1787-kniep-tempio-di-nettuno.jpg 2400w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-1787-kniep-tempio-di-nettuno-300x205.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-1787-kniep-tempio-di-nettuno-1024x698.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-1787-kniep-tempio-di-nettuno-768x524.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-1787-kniep-tempio-di-nettuno-1536x1048.jpg 1536w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-1787-kniep-tempio-di-nettuno-2048x1397.jpg 2048w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-1787-kniep-tempio-di-nettuno-415x283.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-1787-kniep-tempio-di-nettuno-650x443.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-1787-kniep-tempio-di-nettuno-250x171.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Christoph Heinrich Kniep, the Temple of Neptune at Paestum, 1787: the drawing born of the pact with Goethe, that Kniep would only draw. Goethe-Nationalmuseum, Weimar; photo Yair-haklai, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">AI reconstruction</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1344" height="752" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-1787-templi-ricostruzione-ai.jpg" alt="The deserted plain of Paestum on 23 March 1787, with the squat, close-set columns that at first struck Goethe as displeasing: AI reconstruction (SPUN, 2026)." class="wp-image-9021" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-1787-templi-ricostruzione-ai.jpg 1344w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-1787-templi-ricostruzione-ai-300x168.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-1787-templi-ricostruzione-ai-1024x573.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-1787-templi-ricostruzione-ai-768x430.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-1787-templi-ricostruzione-ai-415x232.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-1787-templi-ricostruzione-ai-650x364.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/paestum-1787-templi-ricostruzione-ai-250x140.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 1344px) 100vw, 1344px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The deserted plain of Paestum on 23 March 1787, with the squat, close-set columns that at first struck Goethe as displeasing: AI reconstruction (SPUN, 2026).</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Videos</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
<iframe title="Goethe @ Paestum" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/EkBREKTEF-Y?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
</div></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Further reading</h2>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><a href="https://goethe.reise/?p=8543">Gesture and Time: Goethe, Kniep and the Memory of Landscape</a></li>
</ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Sources</h2>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">J.W. Goethe, Italienische Reise, original German text (public domain).</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Translated by A.J.W. Morrison (Goethe&#8217;s Travels in Italy, London, Bell; public domain).</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Translated by A.J.W. Morrison and Charles Nisbet (Goethe&#8217;s Travels in Italy, London, George Bell and Sons, 1885; public domain).</p>


<p>L'articolo <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/capaccio-paestum-templi/">The Doric temples of Paestum</a> proviene da <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/home">Unreal Goethe</a>.</p>
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		<title>The window on the Gulf of Salerno</title>
		<link>https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[spun]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2026 10:41:13 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://goethe.reise/?post_type=museum&#038;p=8621</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>In the evening Kniep draws from the windows at Salerno a view that spares all description; Goethe imagines how fine it would have been to study here in the days of the School.</p>
<p>L'articolo <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo/">The window on the Gulf of Salerno</a> proviene da <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/home">Unreal Goethe</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In the evening Kniep draws from the windows at Salerno a view that spares all description; Goethe imagines how fine it would have been to study here in the days of the School. On the way back, from a height, Naples in all its splendour, and the carriage boy shouting for joy: «Signor, perdonate! questa è la mia patria!».</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Naples, 23 March 1787</h2>



<div class="ug-audio" data-lang="en" data-voce="de-1787-03-23-neapel-0146" data-src=""><button type="button" class="ug-audio__play" aria-label="Listen to the diary page"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25b6.png" alt="▶" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> Listen</button><audio class="ug-audio__player" preload="none"></audio></div>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A similar sketch was taken in the evening from the window, of a singularly lovely and rich country, which passes all my powers of description. Who would not have been disposed to study at such a spot, in those bright times, when a high school of art was flourishing? Very early in the morning we set off by an untrodden path, coming occasionally on marshy spots towards two beautifully shaped hills. We crossed brooks and pools, where the wild bulls, like hippopotamuses, were wallowing, and looking upon us with their wild red eyes.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">We now reached an eminence. The most extensive area in the world opened before us. Naples, in all its splendour: its mile-long line of houses on the flat shore of the bay, the promontories, tongues of land and walls of rock; then the islands, and, behind all, the sea,&#8211;the whole was a ravishing sight.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A most hideous singing, or rather exulting cry and howl of joy, from the boy behind, frightened and disturbed us. Somewhat angrily, I called out to him; he had never had any harsh words from us,&#8211;he had been a very good boy.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">For a while he did not move; then he patted me lightly on the shoulder, and pushing between us both his right arm, with the fore-finger stretched out, exclaimed, &#8220;Signor, perdonate! questa è la mia patria!&#8221;&#8211;which, being interpreted, runs, &#8220;Forgive me, Sir, for that is my native land!&#8221; And so I was ravished a second time. Something like a tear stood in the eyes of the phlegmatic child of the north.</p>



<details class="wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow"><summary>Original German text · Neapel, Freitag, den 23. März 1787.</summary><p>Ein gleicher Umriß ward abends aus den Fenstern von Salern genommen, welcher mich aller Beschreibung überheben wird, einer ganz einzig lieblichen und fruchtbaren Gegend. Wer wäre nicht geneigt gewesen, an diesem Orte zu studieren, zur schönen Zeit der blühenden hohen Schule? Beim frühsten Morgen fuhren wir auf ungebahnten, oft morastigen Wegen einem Paar schön geformten Bergen zu, wir kamen durch Bach und Gewässer, wo wir den nilpferdischen Büffeln in die blutroten wilden Augen sahen.</p><p>Nun erreichten wir eine Höhe; der größte Anblick tat sich vor uns auf. Neapel in seiner Herrlichkeit, die meilenlange Reihe von Häusern am flachen Ufer des Golfs hin, die Vorgebirge, Erdzungen, Felswände, dann die Inseln und dahinter das Meer war ein entzückender Anblick.</p><p>Ein gräßlicher Gesang, vielmehr Lustgeschrei und Freudegeheul des hintenaufstehenden Knaben erschreckte und störte mich. Heftig fuhr ich ihn an, er hatte noch kein böses Wort von uns gehört, er war der gutmütigste Junge.</p><p>Eine Weile rührte er sich nicht, dann klopfte er mir sachte auf die Schulter, streckte seinen rechten Arm mit aufgehobenem Zeigefinger zwischen uns durch und sagte: &#8220;Signor, perdonate! questa è la mia patria!&#8221; – Das heißt verdolmetscht: &#8220;Herr, verzeiht! Ist das doch mein Vaterland!&#8221; – Und so war ich zum zweiten Male überrascht. Mir armem Nordländer kam etwas Tränenartiges in die Augen!</p></details>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Today</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2400" height="1487" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm2.jpg" alt="Salerno today: the seafront with the gulf and the mountains. Photo Bernard Gagnon, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0." class="wp-image-9147" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm2.jpg 2400w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm2-300x186.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm2-1024x634.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm2-768x476.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm2-1536x952.jpg 1536w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm2-2048x1269.jpg 2048w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm2-415x257.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm2-650x403.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm2-250x155.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Salerno today: the seafront with the gulf and the mountains. Photo Bernard Gagnon, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0.</figcaption></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The lodging in Salerno is not named; the city of the Schola Medica Salernitana looks out over the gulf.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Where: Salerno</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Works and documents</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2400" height="1457" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm0.jpg" alt="Jacob Philipp Hackert, the harbour of Salerno with the coast, 1797. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons." class="wp-image-9145" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm0.jpg 2400w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm0-300x182.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm0-1024x622.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm0-768x466.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm0-1536x932.jpg 1536w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm0-2048x1243.jpg 2048w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm0-415x252.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm0-650x395.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm0-250x152.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Jacob Philipp Hackert, the harbour of Salerno with the coast, 1797. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.</figcaption></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2400" height="1558" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm1.jpg" alt="John Warwick Smith, the Gulf of Salerno, watercolour, late eighteenth century (Yale Center for British Art). Public domain, Wikimedia Commons." class="wp-image-9146" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm1.jpg 2400w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm1-300x195.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm1-1024x665.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm1-768x499.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm1-1536x997.jpg 1536w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm1-2048x1329.jpg 2048w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm1-415x269.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm1-650x422.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-wm1-250x162.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">John Warwick Smith, the Gulf of Salerno, watercolour, late eighteenth century (Yale Center for British Art). Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">AI reconstruction</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1344" height="752" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-1787-ricostruzione-ai.jpg" alt="Salerno, evening of 23 March 1787: from the window Kniep draws a view that spares all description. AI reconstruction (SPUN, 2026)." class="wp-image-9084" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-1787-ricostruzione-ai.jpg 1344w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-1787-ricostruzione-ai-300x168.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-1787-ricostruzione-ai-1024x573.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-1787-ricostruzione-ai-768x430.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-1787-ricostruzione-ai-415x232.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-1787-ricostruzione-ai-650x364.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo-1787-ricostruzione-ai-250x140.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 1344px) 100vw, 1344px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Salerno, evening of 23 March 1787: from the window Kniep draws a view that spares all description. AI reconstruction (SPUN, 2026).</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Further reading</h2>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><a href="https://goethe.reise/?p=8543">Gesture and Time: Goethe, Kniep and the Memory of Landscape</a></li>
</ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Sources</h2>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">J.W. Goethe, Italienische Reise, original German text (public domain).</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Translated by A.J.W. Morrison (Goethe&#8217;s Travels in Italy, London, Bell; public domain).</p>


<p>L'articolo <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/salerno-la-finestra-sul-golfo/">The window on the Gulf of Salerno</a> proviene da <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/home">Unreal Goethe</a>.</p>
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		<title>The gorge of Cava and Kniep&#8217;s first drawing</title>
		<link>https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/cava-de-tirreni-la-valle/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=cava-de-tirreni-la-valle</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[spun]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2026 10:41:10 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://goethe.reise/?post_type=museum&#038;p=8619</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>In the light two-wheeled carriage, taking turns at the reins, Goethe and Kniep cross the gorge between woods and rocks.</p>
<p>L'articolo <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/cava-de-tirreni-la-valle/">The gorge of Cava and Kniep&#8217;s first drawing</a> proviene da <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/home">Unreal Goethe</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In the light two-wheeled carriage, taking turns at the reins, Goethe and Kniep cross the gorge between woods and rocks. Near «Alla Cava» Kniep cannot resist and draws the outline of a mountain sharply set against the sky: the christening of their partnership.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Naples, 23 March 1787</h2>



<div class="ug-audio" data-lang="en" data-voce="de-1787-03-23-neapel-0146" data-src=""><button type="button" class="ug-audio__play" aria-label="Listen to the diary page"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25b6.png" alt="▶" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> Listen</button><audio class="ug-audio__player" preload="none"></audio></div>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Sitting in a light two-wheeled carriage, and driving in turn, with a rough good-natured boy behind, we rolled through the glorious country, which Kniep greeted with a true artistic eye. We now reached the mountain stream, which, running along a smooth artificial channel, skirts most delightful rocks and woods. At last, in the district of Alla Cava, Kniep could not contain himself, but set to work to fix on paper a splendid mountain, which right before us stood out boldly against the blue sky, and with a clever and characteristic touch drew the outlines of the summit, with the sides also, down to its very base. We both made merry with it, as the earnest of our contract.</p>



<details class="wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow"><summary>Original German text · Neapel, Freitag, den 23. März 1787.</summary><p>Auf dem zweirädrigen leichten Fuhrwerk sitzend und wechselsweise die Zügel führend, einen gutmütigen rohen Knaben hintenauf, rollten wir durch die herrliche Gegend, welche Kniep mit malerischem Auge begrüßte. Nun erreichten wir die Gebirgsschlucht, die man auf dem glattesten Fahrdamme durchrennend, an den köstlichsten Wald- und Felspartien vorbeifliegt. Da konnte denn Kniep zuletzt sich nicht enthalten, in der Gegend von Alla Cava einen prächtigen Berg, welcher sich gerade vor uns scharf am Himmel abzeichnete, nicht weniger die Seiten sowie den Fuß dieser Höhe reinlich und charakteristisch im Umriß aufs Papier zu befestigen. Wir freuten uns beide daran als an dem Einstand unserer Verbindung.</p></details>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Today</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2272" height="1704" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-panorama-oggi.jpg" alt="The valley of Cava de' Tirreni seen from La Serra, on the road between Naples and Salerno. Photo Andrea Durante, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0." class="wp-image-9016" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-panorama-oggi.jpg 2272w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-panorama-oggi-300x225.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-panorama-oggi-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-panorama-oggi-768x576.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-panorama-oggi-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-panorama-oggi-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-panorama-oggi-640x480.jpg 640w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-panorama-oggi-415x311.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-panorama-oggi-650x488.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-panorama-oggi-250x188.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 2272px) 100vw, 2272px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The valley of Cava de&#8217; Tirreni seen from La Serra, on the road between Naples and Salerno. Photo Andrea Durante, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0.</figcaption></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The valley of Cava de&#8217; Tirreni on the royal road from Naples to Salerno, today the SS18; the mountain drawn cannot be identified with certainty.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Where: Cava de&#8217; Tirreni (SA)</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Works and documents</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="800" height="450" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Christoph-Heinrich-KNIEP-View-of-Cava-dei-Tirreni-1788.jpg" alt="Christoph Heinrich Kniep, view of Cava de' Tirreni, 1788: the mountain Kniep drew first, the christening of their partnership. SPUN collection." class="wp-image-7168" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Christoph-Heinrich-KNIEP-View-of-Cava-dei-Tirreni-1788.jpg 800w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Christoph-Heinrich-KNIEP-View-of-Cava-dei-Tirreni-1788-300x169.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Christoph-Heinrich-KNIEP-View-of-Cava-dei-Tirreni-1788-768x432.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Christoph-Heinrich-KNIEP-View-of-Cava-dei-Tirreni-1788-415x233.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Christoph-Heinrich-KNIEP-View-of-Cava-dei-Tirreni-1788-650x366.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Christoph-Heinrich-KNIEP-View-of-Cava-dei-Tirreni-1788-250x141.jpg 250w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Christoph-Heinrich-KNIEP-View-of-Cava-dei-Tirreni-1788-600x338.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Christoph Heinrich Kniep, view of Cava de&#8217; Tirreni, 1788: the mountain Kniep drew first, the christening of their partnership. SPUN collection.</figcaption></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="800" height="542" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-hackert-valle-del-canneto.jpg" alt="Jacob Philipp Hackert, a capriccio view of the Canneto valley at Cava de' Tirreni, with figures crossing a bridge above the waterfalls. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons." class="wp-image-9015" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-hackert-valle-del-canneto.jpg 800w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-hackert-valle-del-canneto-300x203.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-hackert-valle-del-canneto-768x520.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-hackert-valle-del-canneto-415x281.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-hackert-valle-del-canneto-650x440.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-hackert-valle-del-canneto-250x169.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Jacob Philipp Hackert, a capriccio view of the Canneto valley at Cava de&#8217; Tirreni, with figures crossing a bridge above the waterfalls. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">AI reconstruction</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1344" height="752" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-1787-gola-ricostruzione-ai.jpg" alt="The gorge on the royal road on 23 March 1787, the calash halted and Kniep catching the profile of the mountain: AI reconstruction (SPUN, 2026)." class="wp-image-9023" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-1787-gola-ricostruzione-ai.jpg 1344w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-1787-gola-ricostruzione-ai-300x168.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-1787-gola-ricostruzione-ai-1024x573.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-1787-gola-ricostruzione-ai-768x430.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-1787-gola-ricostruzione-ai-415x232.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-1787-gola-ricostruzione-ai-650x364.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cava-de-tirreni-1787-gola-ricostruzione-ai-250x140.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 1344px) 100vw, 1344px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The gorge on the royal road on 23 March 1787, the calash halted and Kniep catching the profile of the mountain: AI reconstruction (SPUN, 2026).</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Further reading</h2>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><a href="https://goethe.reise/?p=8543">Gesture and Time: Goethe, Kniep and the Memory of Landscape</a></li>
</ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Sources</h2>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">J.W. Goethe, Italienische Reise, original German text (public domain).</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Translated by A.J.W. Morrison (Goethe&#8217;s Travels in Italy, London, Bell; public domain).</p>


<p>L'articolo <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/cava-de-tirreni-la-valle/">The gorge of Cava and Kniep&#8217;s first drawing</a> proviene da <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/home">Unreal Goethe</a>.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Palazzo Sessa, Hamilton and Emma</title>
		<link>https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[spun]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2026 10:41:08 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://goethe.reise/?post_type=museum&#038;p=8617</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Hamilton has made a fine life for himself: rooms in the English taste and a corner view perhaps unique, and after ranging through every realm of creation he has arrived at a beautiful woman.</p>
<p>L'articolo <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton/">Palazzo Sessa, Hamilton and Emma</a> proviene da <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/home">Unreal Goethe</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Hamilton has made a fine life for himself: rooms in the English taste and a corner view perhaps unique, and after ranging through every realm of creation he has arrived at a beautiful woman. In May Goethe dines with them, Emma sings, and Hamilton takes him into his secret vault of busts, vases and bronzes, where two candelabra look too much like those of Portici.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Naples, 22 March 1787</h2>



<div class="ug-audio" data-lang="en" data-voce="de-1787-03-22-neapel-0145" data-src=""><button type="button" class="ug-audio__play" aria-label="Listen to the diary page"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25b6.png" alt="▶" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> Listen</button><audio class="ug-audio__player" preload="none"></audio></div>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Were I not impelled by the German spirit, and desire to learn and to do rather than to enjoy, I should tarry a little longer in this school of a light-hearted and happy life, and try to profit by it still more. Here it is enough for contentment, if a man has ever so little an income. The situation of the city, the mildness of the climate, can never be sufficiently extolled; but it is almost exclusively to these that the stranger is referred.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">No doubt, one who has abundance of time, tact, and means, might remain here for a long time, with profit to himself. Thus Sir William Hamilton has contrived highly to enjoy a long residence in this city, and now, in the evening of his life, is reaping the fruits of it. The rooms which he has had furnished in the English style, are most delightful, and the view from the corner room, perhaps, unique. Below you is the sea, with a view of Capri, Posilippo on the right, with the promenade of Villa Real between you and the grotto; on the left an ancient building belonging to the Jesuits, and beyond it the coast stretching from Sorrento to Cape Minerva. Another prospect equal to this is scarcely to be found in Europe,&#8211;at least, not in the centre of a great and populous city.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Hamilton is a person of universal taste, and after having wandered through the whole realm of creation, has found rest at last in a most beautiful wife, a masterpiece of the great artist&#8211;Nature.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">And now after all this, and a hundred-fold more of enjoyment, the sirens from over the sea are beckoning me; and if the wind is favorable, I shall start at the same time with this letter,&#8211;it for the north, I for the south. The human mind will not be confined to any limits&#8211;I especially require breadth and extent in an eminent degree; however, I must content myself on this occasion with, a rapid survey, and must not think of a long fixed look. If by hearing and thinking, I can only attain to as much of any object as a finger&#8217;s tip, I shall be able to make out the whole hand.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Singularly enough, within these few days, a friend has spoken to me of Wilhelm Meister, and urged me to continue it. In this climate, I don&#8217;t think it possible; however, something of the air of this heaven may, perhaps, be imparted to the closing books. May my existence only unfold itself sufficiently to lengthen the stem, and to produce richer and finer flowers; certainly it were better for me never to have come here at all, than to go away unregenerated.</p>



<details class="wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow"><summary>Original German text · Neapel, den 22. März 1787.</summary><p>Triebe mich nicht die deutsche Sinnesart und das Verlangen, mehr zu lernen und zu tun als zu genießen, so sollte ich in dieser Schule des leichten und lustigen Lebens noch einige Zeit verweilen und mehr zu profitieren suchen. Es ist hier gar vergnüglich sein, wenn man sich nur ein klein wenig einrichten könnte. Die Lage der Stadt, die Milde des Klimas kann nie genug gerühmt werden, aber darauf ist auch der Fremde fast allein angewiesen.</p><p>Freilich wer sich Zeit nimmt, Geschick und Vermögen hat, kann sich auch hier breit und gut niederlassen. So hat sich Hamilton eine schöne Existenz gemacht und genießt sie nun am Abend seines Lebens. Die Zimmer, die er sich in englischem Geschmack einrichtete, sind allerliebst, und die Aussicht aus dem Eckzimmer vielleicht einzig. Unter uns das Meer, im Angesicht Capri, rechts der Posilipo, näher der Spaziergang Villa Reale, links ein altes Jesuitengebäude, weiterhin die Küste von Sorrent bis ans Kap Minerva. Dergleichen möcht&#8217; es wohl in Europa schwerlich zum zweiten Male geben, wenigstens nicht im Mittelpunkte einer großen, bevölkerten Stadt.</p><p>Hamilton ist ein Mann von allgemeinem Geschmack und, nachdem er alle Reiche der Schöpfung durchwandert, an ein schönes Weib, das Meisterstück des großen Künstlers, gelangt.</p><p>Und nun nach allem diesem und hundertfältigem Genuß locken mich die Sirenen jenseits des Meeres, und wenn der Wind gut ist, geh&#8217; ich mit diesem Briefe zugleich ab, er nordwärts, ich südwärts. Des Menschen Sinn ist unbändig, ich besonders bedarf der Weite gar sehr. Nicht sowohl das Beharren als ein schnelles Auffassen muß jetzt mein Augenmerk sein. Hab&#8217; ich einem Gegenstande nur die Spitze des Fingers abgewonnen, so kann ich mir die ganze Hand durch Hören und Denken wohl zueignen.</p><p>Seltsamerweise erinnert mich ein Freund in diesen Tagen an &#8220;Wilhelm Meister&#8221; und verlangt dessen Fortsetzung; unter diesem Himmel möchte sie wohl nicht möglich sein, vielleicht läßt sich von dieser Himmelsluft den letzten Büchern etwas mitteilen. Möge meine Existenz sich dazu genugsam entwickeln, der Stengel mehr in die Länge rücken und die Blumen reicher und schöner hervorbrechen. Gewiß, es wäre besser ich käme gar nicht wieder, wenn ich nicht wiedergeboren zurückkommen kann.</p></details>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Naples, 27 May 1787</h2>



<div class="ug-audio" data-lang="en" data-voce="de-1787-05-27-neapel-0212" data-src=""><button type="button" class="ug-audio__play" aria-label="Listen to the diary page"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25b6.png" alt="▶" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> Listen</button><audio class="ug-audio__player" preload="none"></audio></div>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Hamilton and his fair one continued their friendliness towards me. I dined with them and in the twilight. Miss Harte displayed her musical and melodious talents.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Through the friendly influence of Hackert, whose goodwill towards me grows ever stronger and who would fain bring everything worthy of attention under my notice, we were conducted by Hamilton into his secret lumber-vault of art. Things there look indeed all in a confusion, the products of all epochs being there accidentally heaped beside each other, busts, torsos, vases, bronzes, all kinds of household ornaments of Sicilian agates, a little chapel even, carved and painted, and whatever else might happen to fall into his hands by purchase. Seeing a long box lying on the ground with the lid partly open, I had the curiosity to push back the lid, and behold! two splendid bronze candelabra. With a sign I drew Hackert&#8217;s attention to this treasure and whispered to him whether they did not look entirely like those in Portici. In reply, he beckoned me to hold my tongue; it was no doubt possible they might have strayed hither from the vaults of Pompeii. With such and similar happy acquisitions the knight might have very good reason for allowing a sight of his hidden treasures only to his most trustworthy friends.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">I was next struck by a box standing upright, open in front, painted black inside and incased in the most splendid golden frame. There was room enough in the interior for a human body to stand upright, and in agreement with this fact we learned the use to which it was put. The lover of art and of women, not content with seeing the beautiful figure he had made his own as a mobile statue, wanted, furthermore, to gratify his taste by beholding her as a bright inimitable picture, and had, therefore, on various occasions, set her in this golden frame, her bright varied dress showing to advantage against the dark background; the whole got up in the style of the antique pictures of Pompeii, sometimes, however, of more modern works of art. The epoch of such exhibitions seemed, however, to be over. The apparatus, too, was heavy to remove and set up in a proper light; we were not, therefore, to be indulged with so pretty a spectacle.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Here, too, may be noticed a favourite pastime of the Neapolitans in general, the erection in all churches, namely, at Christmas of little mangers, and the representation of the Adoration by shepherds, angels and kings, all more or less in rich and becoming costume. In blithe Naples this representation has come to be made on the flat roofs of the houses. Here, a light hut-like structure is struck up nestling in evergreen trees and bushes. The mother of God, the Child and all the other figures standing round or hovering above are gorgeously draped, large sums being expended on their wardrobe. What, however, imparts a transcendant splendour to the whole is the background, which comprises Vesuvius and its surroundings.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Now and again living figures are interspersed among the puppets, and gradually it has grown to be one of the most important entertainments of high and rich families at their evening parties to represent in their palaces secular as well as sacred pictures taken from history or poetry.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">If I might allow myself a remark, which, to be sure, comes with no good grace from a guest so politely entertained as I have been, I should observe that our beauteous hostess seemed to me by no means richly endowed in respect of mind, and that the promise of her fair figure was by no means made good by any expression of voice or language betokening equal wealth of soul. Her singing itself has in it no corresponding fulness.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">So in like manner may it ultimately be with all those stiff pictures. Beautiful figures are to be found everywhere, depth of sentiment united with adequate organs of speech much seldomer, but seldomest of all, a charming figure commensurately conjoined with those two properties.</p>



<details class="wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow"><summary>Original German text · Neapel, den 27. Mai 1787.</summary><p>Hamilton und seine Schöne setzten gegen mich ihre Freundlichkeit fort. Ich speiste bei ihnen, und gegen Abend produzierte Miß Harte auch ihre musikalischen und melischen Talente.</p><p>Auf Antrieb Freund Hackerts, der sein Wohlwollen gegen mich steigert und mir alles Merkwürdige zur Kenntnis bringen möchte, führte uns Hamilton in sein geheimes Kunstund Gerümpelgewölbe. Da sieht es denn ganz verwirrt aus; die Produkte aller Epochen zufällig durcheinander gestellt: Büsten, Torse, Vasen, Bronze, von sizilianischen Achaten allerlei Hauszierat, sogar ein Kapellchen, Geschnitztes, Gemaltes und was er nur zufällig zusammenkaufte. In einem langen Kasten an der Erde, dessen aufgebrochenen Deckel ich neugierig beiseiteschob, lagen zwei ganz herrliche Kandelaber von Bronze. Mit einem Wink machte ich Hackerten aufmerksam und lispelte ihm die Frage zu, ob diese nicht ganz denen in Portici ähnlich seien. Er winkte mir dagegen Stillschweigen; sie mochten sich freilich aus den pompejischen Grüften seitwärts hieher verloren haben. Wegen solcher und ähnlicher glücklicher Erwerbnisse mag der Ritter diese verborgenen Schätze nur wohl seinen vertrautesten Freunden sehen lassen.</p><p>Auffallend war mir ein aufrechtstehender, an der Vorderseite offener, inwendig schwarz angestrichener Kasten, von dem prächtigsten goldenen Rahmen eingefaßt. Der Raum groß genug, um eine stehende menschliche Figur aufzunehmen, und demgemäß erfuhren wir auch die Absicht. Der Kunst- und Mädchenfreund, nicht zufrieden, das schöne Gebild als bewegliche Statue zu sehen, wollte sich auch an ihr als an einem bunten, unnachahmbaren Gemälde ergötzen, und so hatte sie manchmal innerhalb dieses goldenen Rahmens, auf schwarzem Grund vielfarbig gekleidet, die antiken Gemälde von Pompeji und selbst neuere Meisterwerke nachgeahmt. Diese Epoche schien vorüber zu sein, auch war der Apparat schwer zu transportieren und ins rechte Licht zu setzen; uns konnte also ein solches Schauspiel nicht zuteil werden.</p><p>Hier ist der Ort, noch einer andern entschiedenen Liebhaberei der Neapolitaner überhaupt zu gedenken. Es sind die Krippchen (presepe), die man zu Weihnachten in allen Kirchen sieht, eigentlich die Anbetung der Hirten, Engel und Könige vorstellend, mehr oder weniger vollständig, reich und kostbar zusammen gruppiert. Diese Darstellung ist in dem heitern Neapel bis auf die flachen Hausdächer gestiegen; dort wird ein leichtes hüttenartiges Gerüste erbaut, mit immergrünen Bäumen und Sträuchen aufgeschmückt. Die Mutter Gottes, das Kind und die sämtlichen Umstehenden und Umschwebenden, kostbar ausgeputzt, auf welche Garderobe das Haus große Summen verwendet. Was aber das Ganze unnachahmlich verherrlicht, ist der Hintergrund, welcher den Vesuv mit seinen Umgebungen einfaßt.</p><p>Da mag man nun manchmal auch lebendige Figuren zwischen die Puppen mit eingemischt haben, und nach und nach ist eine der bedeutendsten Unterhaltungen hoher und reicher Familien geworden, zu ihrer Abendergötzung auch weltliche Bilder, sie mögen nun der Geschichte oder der Dichtkunst angehören, in ihren Palästen aufzuführen.</p><p>Darf ich mir eine Bemerkung erlauben, die freilich ein wohlbehandelter Gast nicht wagen sollte, so muß ich gestehen, daß mir unsere schöne Unterhaltende doch eigentlich als ein geistloses Wesen vorkommt, die wohl mit ihrer Gestalt bezahlen, aber durch keinen seelenvollen Ausdruck der Stimme, der Sprache sich geltend machen kann. Schon ihr Gesang ist nicht von zusagender Fülle.</p><p>Und so mag es sich auch am Ende mit jenen starren Bildern verhalten. Schöne Personen gibt&#8217;s überall, tiefempfindende, zugleich mit günstigen Sprachorganen versehene viel seltener, am allerseltensten solche, wo zu allem diesen noch eine einnehmende Gestalt hinzutritt.</p></details>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Today</h2>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Palazzo Sessa, near Piazza dei Martiri, residence of William Hamilton; from the corner room the sea, Capri, Posillipo and the Villa Reale.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Where: Palazzo Sessa, Vico Santa Maria a Cappella Vecchia, 80121 Napoli</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Works and documents</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1849" height="2400" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm0.jpg" alt="David Allan, Sir William Hamilton, 1775 (National Portrait Gallery, London): Vesuvius smoking in the window. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons." class="wp-image-9128" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm0.jpg 1849w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm0-231x300.jpg 231w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm0-789x1024.jpg 789w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm0-768x997.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm0-1183x1536.jpg 1183w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm0-1578x2048.jpg 1578w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm0-415x539.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm0-650x844.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm0-250x324.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 1849px) 100vw, 1849px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">David Allan, Sir William Hamilton, 1775 (National Portrait Gallery, London): Vesuvius smoking in the window. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.</figcaption></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1880" height="2400" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm1.jpg" alt="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun, Emma Hamilton as a Bacchante, about 1790 (Lady Lever Art Gallery). Public domain, Wikimedia Commons." class="wp-image-9129" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm1.jpg 1880w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm1-235x300.jpg 235w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm1-802x1024.jpg 802w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm1-768x980.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm1-1203x1536.jpg 1203w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm1-1604x2048.jpg 1604w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm1-415x530.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm1-650x830.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm1-250x319.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 1880px) 100vw, 1880px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun, Emma Hamilton as a Bacchante, about 1790 (Lady Lever Art Gallery). Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.</figcaption></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1580" height="1999" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm2.jpg" alt="George Romney, Emma Hart as Ariadne, 1785: the beautiful woman Hamilton had arrived at, before their marriage. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons." class="wp-image-9130" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm2.jpg 1580w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm2-237x300.jpg 237w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm2-809x1024.jpg 809w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm2-768x972.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm2-1214x1536.jpg 1214w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm2-415x525.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm2-650x822.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-wm2-250x316.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 1580px) 100vw, 1580px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">George Romney, Emma Hart as Ariadne, 1785: the beautiful woman Hamilton had arrived at, before their marriage. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">AI reconstruction</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1344" height="752" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-1787-ricostruzione-ai.jpg" alt="The corner room of Palazzo Sessa, William Hamilton's house: English furnishings, antique busts and vases, and a view perhaps unique over the sea, Capri and Posillipo. AI reconstruction (SPUN, 2026)." class="wp-image-9082" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-1787-ricostruzione-ai.jpg 1344w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-1787-ricostruzione-ai-300x168.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-1787-ricostruzione-ai-1024x573.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-1787-ricostruzione-ai-768x430.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-1787-ricostruzione-ai-415x232.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-1787-ricostruzione-ai-650x364.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton-1787-ricostruzione-ai-250x140.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 1344px) 100vw, 1344px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The corner room of Palazzo Sessa, William Hamilton&#8217;s house: English furnishings, antique busts and vases, and a view perhaps unique over the sea, Capri and Posillipo. AI reconstruction (SPUN, 2026).</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Sources</h2>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">J.W. Goethe, Italienische Reise, original German text (public domain).</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Translated by A.J.W. Morrison (Goethe&#8217;s Travels in Italy, London, Bell; public domain).</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Translated by A.J.W. Morrison and Charles Nisbet (Goethe&#8217;s Travels in Italy, London, George Bell and Sons, 1885; public domain).</p>


<p>L'articolo <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/napoli-palazzo-sessa-hamilton/">Palazzo Sessa, Hamilton and Emma</a> proviene da <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/home">Unreal Goethe</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>The third ascent of Vesuvius, the lava</title>
		<link>https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[spun]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2026 10:41:05 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://goethe.reise/?post_type=museum&#038;p=8615</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>A lava flow invisible from Naples is descending towards Ottaviano: a third ascent.</p>
<p>L'articolo <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita/">The third ascent of Vesuvius, the lava</a> proviene da <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/home">Unreal Goethe</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A lava flow invisible from Naples is descending towards Ottaviano: a third ascent. Beneath the cone the lava emerges from the smoke and runs in a channel it builds for itself; Goethe stands on the hardened crust until the heat drives him back. At sunset: the terrible and the beautiful cancel each other out.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Naples, 20 March 1787</h2>



<div class="ug-audio" data-lang="en" data-voce="de-1787-03-20-neapel-0144" data-src=""><button type="button" class="ug-audio__play" aria-label="Listen to the diary page"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25b6.png" alt="▶" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> Listen</button><audio class="ug-audio__player" preload="none"></audio></div>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The news that an eruption of lava had just commenced, which, taking the direction of Ottajano, was invisible at Naples, tempted me to visit Vesuvius for the third time. Scarcely had I jumped out of my cabriolet (zweirädrigen einpferdigen Fuhrwerk), at the foot of the mountain, when immediately appeared the two guides who had accompanied us on our previous ascent. I had no wish to do without either, but took one out of gratitude and custom, the other for reliance on his judgment,&#8211;and the two for the greater convenience. Having ascended the summit, the older guide remained with our cloaks and refreshment, while the younger followed me, and we boldly went straight towards a dense volume of smoke, which broke forth from the bottom of the funnel; then we quickly went downwards by the side of it, till at last, under the clear heaven, we distinctly saw the lava emitted from the rolling clouds of smoke.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">We may hear an object spoken of a thousand times, but its peculiar features will never be caught till we see it with our own eyes. The stream of lava was small, not broader perhaps than ten feet, but the way in which it flowed down a gentle and tolerably smooth plain was remarkable. As it flowed along, it cooled both on the sides and on the surface, so that it formed a sort of canal, the bed of which was continually raised in consequence of the molten mass congealing even beneath the fiery stream, which, with uniform action, precipitated right and left the scoria which were floating on its surface. In this way a regular dam was at length thrown up, in which the glowing stream flowed on as quietly as any mill-stream. We passed along the tolerably high dam, while the scoria rolled regularly off the sides at our feet. Some cracks in the canal afforded opportunity of looking at the living stream from below, and as it rushed onwards, we observed it from above.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A very bright sun made the glowing lava look dull; but a moderate steam rose from it into the pure air. I felt a great desire to go nearer to the point where it broke out from the mountain; there my guide averred, it at once formed vaults and roofs above itself, on which he had often stood. To see and experience this phenomenon, we again ascended the hill, in order to come from behind to this point. Fortunately at this moment the place was cleared by a pretty strong wind, but not entirely, for all round it the smoke eddied from a thousand crannies; and now at last we stood on the top of the solid roof, (which looked like a hardened mass of twisted dough), but which, however, projected so far outwards, that it was impossible to see the welling lava.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">We ventured about twenty steps further, but the ground on which we stepped became hotter and hotter, while around us rolled an oppressive steam, which obscured and hid the sun; the guide, who was a few steps in advance of me, presently turned back, and seizing hold of me, hurried out of this Stygian exhalation.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">After we had refreshed our eyes with the clear prospect, and washed our gums and throat with wine, we went round again to notice any other peculiarities which might characterise this peak of hell, thus rearing itself in the midst of a Paradise. I again observed attentively some chasms, in appearance like so many Vulcanic forges, which emitted no smoke, but continually shot out a steam of hot glowing air. They were all tapestried, as it were, with a kind of stalactite, which covered the funnel to the top, with its knobs and chintz-like variation of colours. In consequence of the irregularity of the forges, I found many specimens of this sublimation hanging within reach, so that, with our staves and a little contrivance, we were able to hack off a few, and to secure them. I saw in the shops of the dealers in lava similar specimens, labelled simply &#8220;Lava;&#8221; and I was delighted to have discovered that it was volcanic soot precipitated from the hot vapour, and distinctly exhibiting the sublimated mineral particles which it contained.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The most glorious of sunsets, a heavenly evening, refreshed me on my return; still I felt how all great contrasts confound the mind and senses. From the terrible to the beautiful&#8211;from the beautiful to the terrible; each destroys the other, and produces a feeling of indifference. Assuredly, the Neapolitan would be quite a different creature, did he not feel himself thus hemmed in between Elysium and Tartarus.</p>



<details class="wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow"><summary>Original German text · Neapel, Dienstag, den 20. März 1787.</summary><p>Die Kunde einer soeben ausbrechenden Lava, die, für Neapel unsichtbar, nach Ottajano hinunterfließt, reizte mich, zum dritten Male den Vesuv zu besuchen. Kaum war ich am Fuße desselben aus meinem zweirädrigen, einpferdigen Fuhrwerk gesprungen, so zeigten sich schon jene beiden Führer, die uns früher hinaufbegleitet hatten. Ich wollte keinen missen und nahm den einen aus Gewohnheit und Dankbarkeit, den andern aus Vertrauen, beide der mehreren Bequemlichkeit wegen mit mir.</p><p>Auf die Höhe gelangt, blieb der eine bei den Mänteln und Viktualien, der jüngere folgte mir, und wir gingen mutig auf einen ungeheuren Dampf los, der unterhalb des Kegelschlundes aus dem Berge brach; sodann schritten wir an dessen Seite her gelind hinabwärts, bis wir endlich unter klarem Himmel aus dem wilden Dampfgewölke die Lava hervorquellen sahen.</p><p>Man habe auch tausendmal von einem Gegenstande gehört, das Eigentümliche desselben spricht nur zu uns aus dem unmittelbaren Anschauen. Die Lava war schmal, vielleicht nicht breiter als zehn Fuß, allein die Art, wie sie eine sanfte, ziemlich ebene Fläche hinabfloß, war auffallend genug; denn indem sie während des Fortfließens an den Seiten und an der Oberfläche verkühlt, so bildet sich ein Kanal, der sich immer erhöht, weil das geschmolzene Material auch unterhalb des Feuerstroms erstarrt, welcher die auf der Oberfläche schwimmenden Schlacken rechts und links gleichförmig hinunterwirft, wodurch sich denn nach und nach ein Damm erhöht, auf welchem der Glutstrom ruhig fortfließt wie ein Mühlbach. Wir gingen neben dem ansehnlich erhöhten Damme her, die Schlacken rollten regelmäßig an den Seiten herunter bis zu unsern Füßen. Durch einige Lücken des Kanals konnten wir den Glutstrom von unten sehen und, wie er weiter hinabfloß, ihn von oben beobachten.</p><p>Durch die hellste Sonne erschien die Glut verdüstert, nur ein mäßiger Rauch stieg in die reine Luft. Ich hatte Verlangen, mich dem Punkte zu nähern, wo sie aus dem Berge bricht; dort sollte sie, wie mein Führer versicherte, sogleich Gewölb und Dach über sich her bilden, auf welchem er öfters gestanden habe. Auch dieses zu sehen und zu erfahren, stiegen wir den Berg wieder hinauf, um jenem Punkte von hintenher beizukommen. Glücklicherweise fanden wir die Stelle durch einen lebhaften Windzug entblößt, freilich nicht ganz, denn ringsum qualmte der Dampf aus tausend Ritzen, und nun standen wir wirklich auf der breiartig gewundenen, erstarrten Decke, die sich aber so weit vorwärts erstreckte, daß wir die Lava nicht konnten herausquellen sehen.</p><p>Wir versuchten noch ein paar Dutzend Schritte, aber der Boden ward immer glühender; sonneverfinsternd und erstickend wirbelte ein unüberwindlicher Qualm. Der vorausgegangene Führer kehrte bald um, ergriff mich, und wir entwanden uns diesem Höllenbrudel.</p><p>Nachdem wir die Augen an der Aussicht, Gaumen und Brust aber am Weine gelabt, gingen wir umher, noch andere Zufälligkeiten dieses mitten im Paradies aufgetürmten Höllengipfels zu beobachten. Einige Schlünde, die als vulkanische Essen keinen Rauch, aber eine glühende Luft fortwährend gewaltsam ausstoßen, betrachtete ich wieder mit Aufmerksamkeit. Ich sah sie durchaus mit einem tropfsteinartigen Material tapeziert, welches zitzen- und zapfenartig die Schlünde bis oben bekleidete. Bei der Ungleichheit der Essen fanden sich mehrere dieser herabhängenden Dunstprodukte ziemlich zur Hand, so daß wir sie mit unsern Stäben und einigen hakenartigen Vorrichtungen gar wohl gewinnen konnten. Bei dem Lavahändler hatte ich schon dergleichen Exemplare unter der Rubrik der wirklichen Laven gefunden, und ich freute mich, entdeckt zu haben, daß es vulkanischer Ruß sei, abgesetzt aus den heißen Schwaden, die darin enthaltenen verflüchtigten mineralischen Teile offenbarend.</p><p>Der herrlichste Sonnenuntergang, ein himmlischer Abend erquickten mich auf meiner Rückkehr; doch konnte ich empfinden, wie sinneverwirrend ein ungeheurer Gegensatz sich erweise. Das Schreckliche zum Schönen, das Schöne zum Schrecklichen, beides hebt einander auf und bringt eine gleichgültige Empfindung hervor. Gewiß wäre der Neapolitaner ein anderer Mensch, wenn er sich nicht zwischen Gott und Satan eingeklemmt fühlte.</p></details>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Today</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2400" height="1602" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm2.jpg" alt="The rim and walls of the crater of the Great Cone of Vesuvius today. Photo Norbert Nagel, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0." class="wp-image-9103" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm2.jpg 2400w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm2-300x200.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm2-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm2-768x513.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm2-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm2-2048x1367.jpg 2048w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm2-415x277.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm2-650x434.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm2-250x167.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The rim and walls of the crater of the Great Cone of Vesuvius today. Photo Norbert Nagel, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0.</figcaption></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The Great Cone, north-eastern slope towards Ottaviano, in the Vesuvius National Park; the exact spot cannot be identified.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Where: Gran Cono del Vesuvio, Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio (NA)</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Works and documents</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2400" height="1235" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm0.jpg" alt="Pietro Fabris, visitors beside a lava flow on Vesuvius, 1771, plate XXXVIII of William Hamilton's Campi Phlegraei. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons." class="wp-image-9101" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm0.jpg 2400w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm0-300x154.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm0-1024x527.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm0-768x395.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm0-1536x790.jpg 1536w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm0-2048x1054.jpg 2048w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm0-415x214.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm0-650x334.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm0-250x129.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Pietro Fabris, visitors beside a lava flow on Vesuvius, 1771, plate XXXVIII of William Hamilton&#8217;s Campi Phlegraei. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.</figcaption></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2400" height="1724" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm1.jpg" alt="Pierre-Jacques Volaire, eruption of Vesuvius with the lava flow at night, 1771 (Warsaw, National Museum). Public domain, Wikimedia Commons." class="wp-image-9102" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm1.jpg 2400w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm1-300x216.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm1-1024x736.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm1-768x552.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm1-1536x1103.jpg 1536w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm1-2048x1471.jpg 2048w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm1-415x298.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm1-650x467.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-wm1-250x180.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Pierre-Jacques Volaire, eruption of Vesuvius with the lava flow at night, 1771 (Warsaw, National Museum). Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">AI reconstruction</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1344" height="752" src="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-1787-ricostruzione-ai.jpg" alt="The third ascent, 20 March 1787: the lava issues from the smoke and runs in a channel it builds for itself, like a mill race. At sunset the terrible and the beautiful cancel each other out. AI reconstruction (SPUN, 2026)." class="wp-image-9080" srcset="https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-1787-ricostruzione-ai.jpg 1344w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-1787-ricostruzione-ai-300x168.jpg 300w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-1787-ricostruzione-ai-1024x573.jpg 1024w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-1787-ricostruzione-ai-768x430.jpg 768w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-1787-ricostruzione-ai-415x232.jpg 415w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-1787-ricostruzione-ai-650x364.jpg 650w, https://goethe.reise/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita-1787-ricostruzione-ai-250x140.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 1344px) 100vw, 1344px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The third ascent, 20 March 1787: the lava issues from the smoke and runs in a channel it builds for itself, like a mill race. At sunset the terrible and the beautiful cancel each other out. AI reconstruction (SPUN, 2026).</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Further reading</h2>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><a href="https://goethe.reise/?p=8539">The First Ascent of Vesuvius</a></li>
</ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Sources</h2>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">J.W. Goethe, Italienische Reise, original German text (public domain).</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Translated by A.J.W. Morrison (Goethe&#8217;s Travels in Italy, London, Bell; public domain).</p>


<p>L'articolo <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/grandtour/ercolano-vesuvio-terza-salita/">The third ascent of Vesuvius, the lava</a> proviene da <a href="https://goethe.reise/en/home">Unreal Goethe</a>.</p>
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