Naples · The painted churches

The second Sunday in Lent, from church to church: in Rome everything is solemn, here all is merry. A church front painted from top to bottom with Christ expelling the merchants, the Expulsion of Heliodorus, a Capuchin pacing a pulpit as wide as a gallery and reproaching the people for their sins.

Naples, 5 March 1787

We spent the second Sunday of Lent in visiting church after church. As in Rome all is highly solemn; so here every hour is merry and cheerful. The Neapolitan school of painting, too, can only be understood in Naples. One is astonished to see the whole front of a church painted from top to bottom. Over the door of one, Christ is driving out of the temple the buyers and sellers, who, terribly frightened, are nimbly huddling up their wares, and hurrying down the steps on both sides. In another church, there is a room over the entrance, which is richly ornamented with frescoes representing the deprivation of Heliodorus. Luca Giordano must indeed have painted rapidly, to fill such large areas in a lifetime. The pulpit, too, is here not always a mere cathedra, as it is in other places,—a place where one only may teach at a time; but a gallery. Along one of these I once saw a Capuchin walking backwards and forwards, and, now from one end, now from another, reproaching the people with their sins. What had he not to tell them!

Original German text · Neapel, den 5. März.

Den zweiten Fastensonntag benutzten wir, von Kirche zu Kirche zu wandern. Wie in Rom alles höchst ernsthaft ist, so treibt sich hier alles lustig und wohlgemut. Auch die neapolitanische Malerschule begreift man nur zu Neapel. Hier sieht man mit Verwunderung die ganze Vorderseite einer Kirche von unten bis oben gemalt, über der Türe Christus, der die Käufer und Verkäufer zum Tempel hinaustreibt, welche zu beiden Seiten, munter und zierlich erschreckt, die Treppen herunterpurzeln. Innerhalb einer andern Kirche ist der Raum über dem Eingang reichhaltig mit einem Freskogemälde geziert, die Vertreibung Heliodors vorstellend. Luca Giordano mußte sich freilich sputen, um solche Flächen auszufüllen. Auch die Kanzel ist nicht immer wie anderwärts ein Katheder, Lehrstuhl für eine einzelne Person, sondern eine Galerie, auf welcher ich einen Kapuziner hin und her schreiten und bald von dem einen, bald von dem andern Ende dem Volk seine Sündhaftigkeit vorhalten sah. Was wäre da nicht alles zu erzählen!

Today

The façade of the Girolamini church on Via Duomo, by Ferdinando Fuga. Photo Armando Mancini, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0.
The façade of the Girolamini church on Via Duomo, by Ferdinando Fuga. Photo Armando Mancini, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0.

Probable identifications: Luca Giordano’s Expulsion of the Merchants at the Girolamini (Via Duomo) and Francesco Solimena’s Expulsion of Heliodorus at the Gesù Nuovo.

Where: Complesso dei Girolamini, Via Duomo 142, 80138 Napoli

Works and documents

Luca Giordano, Christ Driving the Money-Changers from the Temple, 1684, fresco on the inner façade of the Girolamini: probably the painting Goethe saw on 5 March 1787. Photo Giuseppe Guida. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
Luca Giordano, Christ Driving the Money-Changers from the Temple, 1684, fresco on the inner façade of the Girolamini: probably the painting Goethe saw on 5 March 1787. Photo Giuseppe Guida. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
Francesco Solimena, Heliodorus Expelled from the Temple, the oil model (Louvre) for the fresco on the inner façade of the Gesù Nuovo, 1720s: the Heliodorus of the diary. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
Francesco Solimena, Heliodorus Expelled from the Temple, the oil model (Louvre) for the fresco on the inner façade of the Gesù Nuovo, 1720s: the Heliodorus of the diary. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.

AI reconstruction

The second Sunday of Lent, 5 March 1787: a Capuchin preaching from a pulpit as wide as a gallery, reproaching the people for their sins. AI reconstruction (SPUN, 2026).
The second Sunday of Lent, 5 March 1787: a Capuchin preaching from a pulpit as wide as a gallery, reproaching the people for their sins. AI reconstruction (SPUN, 2026).

Further reading

Sources

J.W. Goethe, Italienische Reise, original German text (public domain).

Translated by A.J.W. Morrison (Goethe’s Travels in Italy, London, Bell; public domain).

  • Place
  • Establishment Date
    1787-03-05
  • Address
    Complesso dei Girolamini, Via Duomo 142, 80138 Napoli
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